1 / 18

Catholic Counter Reformation

Catholic Counter Reformation. To counter the Protestant Reformations, Catholics decided to enact reforms This movement is known as the Catholic-Reformation

vivek
Télécharger la présentation

Catholic Counter Reformation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Catholic Counter Reformation • To counter the Protestant Reformations, Catholics decided to enact reforms • This movement is known as the Catholic-Reformation • The Catholic-Reformation eliminated abuses, clarified Catholic theology, or religious beliefs, and re-established the pope’s authority over church members

  2. Council of Trent • Pope Paul III called a council of bishops together • Council forbade selling of indulgences • Created seminaries, or religious schools to educate clergy

  3. Clarified Church Teaching • Salvation through faith AND good works • Church tradition = to the Bible as source of truth • Latin version of the Bible only accepted version

  4. Re-established Papal Authority • Re-established the Inquisition – to root out heretics • Introduced Censorship • Index of Forbidden Books

  5. Arts • The Catholic Church used art to further the movement • Established baroque style that emphasized emotion, complexity, and exaggeration (This is Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s “Apollo and Daphne”)

  6. Spreading Catholicism • Began sending missionaries (Jesuit monks) to convert new members (mainly to the Americas and China)

  7. St. Ignatius of Loyola • He was a Spanish noble • Founded the Jesuits • Jesuits wore robes like monks but did not separate themselves from the world • Went to different countries to try and convert people to Catholicism • Opened universities in many countries • Became advisors to royal courts

  8. Teresa of Avila • Spanish Nun • Strict Catholic • Encouraged religious devotion and founding of the Carmelite order • Made a saint when she died

  9. A Divided Europe • Rulers of the German States signed the Peace of Augsburg which allowed each German prince to choose the Christian faith of his subjects (Protestant or Catholic) • Results in a division of Europe into a Protestant north and Catholic south…still an issue today • Led to war and religious prosecution

  10. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • August 24, 1572 • 3,000 Huguenots (French Protestants) killed in France • 1598 – Edict of Nantes

  11. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Religious wars between French Huguenots and Catholics went on for another 17 years • 1598 – Henry of Navarre becomes King of France • Protestant leader of Huguenot nobles • Converts to Catholicism in order to become King • Issues the Edict of Nantes

  12. Edict of Nantes (1598) • Recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France • Huguenots had a right to worship in areas where they were the majority • Could hold public office • Edict of Nantes is revoked (“taken back”) in 1685 by Henry’s grandson, Louis XIV

  13. Protestant Support • Protestant rulers saw a chance to increase power • Took wealth and property of the Church • New Christian denominations more favorable to business practices • Less domination by Italian-controlled Church

  14. The Thirty Year War (1618-1648) • The Thirty Year War was a conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families.

  15. 2 Phases of the War • Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was winning • The Hapsburgs were a very wealthy ruling family. For years the head of the Hapsburg family became the German king and Holy Roman Emperor. They were Catholic. 2. Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was defeated • The French began to fear that the Hapsburgs were gaining too much power so the French got involved. Cardinal Richelieu, a French man, dominated the remaining years of the war. Richelieu was a Catholic, but he decided to help the Protestants and sent troops to help them.

  16. **IMPORTANT** • Because Cardinal Richelieu went against his religion of Catholicism, he changed the war from a religious war (Protestant vs. Catholics) to a political war (Hapsburg ruling family vs. the French nobility)

  17. Peace of Westphalia • Ended the 30 Year War • Results: • 4 million died, trade and agriculture was disrupted and Germany’s economy was ruined • 1st: Weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria • 2nd: Strengthened France by awarding it German territory • 3rd: Ended Religious Wars in Europe

  18. In conclusion… • The Renaissance had been a “rebirth” in Europe of learning, ideas, and beauty. • The Protestant Reformation stemmed from the questioning that humanism encouraged • The Catholic Reformation was a response to the abuses the Protestant Reformation brought to light • In the end, Europe is religiously divided

More Related