1 / 16

Bioenergy-butanol

Bioenergy-butanol. Agenda. Bioethanol versus biodiesel Butanol (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH) Chemical properties How to make it?. Bioethanol versus biodiesel. Feedstocks (competition with food industry) Major producers Process Yields Production facilities. Butanol. Feedstock.

vivienne-dotson
Télécharger la présentation

Bioenergy-butanol

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bioenergy-butanol

  2. Agenda • Bioethanol versus biodiesel • Butanol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH) • Chemical properties • How to make it?

  3. Bioethanol versus biodiesel • Feedstocks (competition with food industry) • Major producers • Process • Yields • Production facilities

  4. Butanol

  5. Feedstock • Any starch/sugar rich biomass • Agricultural biomass • Corn • Wheat • Sugar cane • Sugar beets • Straws • Corn stover • Woody biomass

  6. History • 1916 utilization of Clostridia acetobutylicum for acetone production by Chime Wizemann (fermentation process) • Smokeless gun powder • 1945 the second most important commercial fermentation process • 1960 growth of petroleum industry • Butanol production via petrochemical pathway • 1980-2008 • Biological pathway

  7. Ethanol versus butanol • Energy efficiency • Butanol 96% of gasoline • Less volatile than ethanol • Less corrosive than ethanol • Water-tolerant alternate fuel • Less hydroscopic than ethanol (it doesn't pick up water) • pipeline • High viscosity • 2x ethanol • 5-10x gasoline • Problems in the fuel systems of butanol-fueled cars • Lower octane number compared to ethanol • Lower compression ratio and efficiency

  8. Butanol-properties • Sweet smelling solvent • Industrial solvent • High melting point of 25.5°C causes it to gel and freeze near room temperature • Additive in gasoline • Industrial commodity • 370million gallon/year • $3.75/gallon • Petrochemical route

  9. Production of butanol (1) • Fermentation • Weizmann organism (chemist Weizmann) • Anaerobic bacteria • Starch, sugars • Extracellular amylolytic enzymes •  and  amylase • Glucoamylase etc. • Distillation (boiling point) Clostridium acetobutylicum, the "Weizmann Organism"

  10. ABE fermentation (2) • ABE fermentation (acetone, butanol, ethanol) butanol:acetone:ethanol (6:3:1) • Other by-products: • Acetic acid • Lactic acid • Propionic acids • Isopropanol • 1 bushel of corn: • 1.3 gallons of butanol • 0.65 gallons of acetone • 0.22 gallons of ethanol (each 1-2%)

  11. Ethanol S. cerevisiae (yeast) Temp 30°C pH 6 No extracellular enzymes Monomeric sugars (6C) Products: 50% ethanol, 50% CO2 Toxicity of the final product over 100g/L of ethanol Butanol Clostridium (bacteria) Temp 30-40°C pH 6.8-7 drops to 5.0 (acidogenesis) and increases to 7.0 (solventogenesis) Presence of extracellular enzymes Starch, cellobiose and monomers (5 and 6C) Variety of products Toxicity of the final products 20g/L max of acetone, butanol, and ethanol Ethanol versus butanol fermentation (1)

  12. Ethanol versus butanol fermentation (2) Ethanol S. cerevisiae Butanol Clostridium

  13. ABE fermentation (3) • Pure sugar source • Toxicity of butanol to C.acetobutylicum • ethanol, thus butanol, higher recovery cost of butanol • Lignocellulosic substrate • More inhibitors generated during pretreatment • Lower butanol yields

  14. Fermentation improvements • C.beijernickii • Hydrolysis, fermentation and recovery of butanol in 1 reactor • GM E.coli • Conversion of keto acids (components of a.a biosynthetic pathway) to butanol Acetoacetic acid

  15. Environmental Energy Inc. • Environmental Energy Inc. • 2.5 gallons of butanol per corn bushel no acetone or ethanol • Other processes have not been able to achieve better than 1.3 to 1.9 gallons of butanol per bushel+A+E.

  16. Cars running on butanol Over 10,000 miles around and across US

More Related