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Stefan Reimann, Empa, Switzerland

Ground-based Networks for Measuring Ozone- and Climate-Related Trace Gases. Stefan Reimann, Empa, Switzerland. Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Cape Matatula, Am. Samoa. Cape Grim , Tasmania. Overview. Ground-based Continuous Networks Column measurements: NDACC

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Stefan Reimann, Empa, Switzerland

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  1. Ground-based Networks for Measuring Ozone- and Climate-Related Trace Gases Stefan Reimann, Empa, Switzerland Jungfraujoch, Switzerland Cape Matatula, Am. Samoa Cape Grim, Tasmania

  2. Overview • Ground-based Continuous Networks • Column measurements: NDACC • In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE • Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks • CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions • CCl4: sources and sinks: an update • “new” CFCs • HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions • climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

  3. Overview • Ground-based Continuous Networks • Column measurements: NDACC • In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE • Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks • CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions • CCl4: sources and sinks: an update • “new” CFCs • HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions • climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

  4. Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) FTIR network

  5. Results of NDACC Provided by E. Mahieu, University of Liège

  6. in-situ Measurements • NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE NOAA/ESRL Halocarbon Surface and Aircraft Sampling Network AGAGE Continuous Halocarbon in-situ Sampling Network

  7. Results of ground-based in-situnetworks for CFCs and chlorinated solvents Concentrations Global emission: 12-box model 

  8. Results of ground-based in-situ networks for CFCs and chlorinated solvents Emissions

  9. Overview • Ground-based Continuous Networks • Column measurements: NDACC • In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE • Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks • CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions • CCl4: sources and sinks: an update • “new” CFCs • HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions • climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

  10. Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue Emissions derived from measurements Emissions with Lifetime = 26 yr NOAA AGAGE

  11. Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue Emissions derived from UNEP reporting Potential Emissions = Production – Feedstock

  12. Results of ground-based in-situ networks for Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) issue UNEP emissions Emissions (T=26 yr) 1600 railway freight cars emitted per year • Possible reasons for the discrepancy: • Emissions from production/feedstock/destruction? • Emissions from old industrial sites/landfills? • Estimated atmospheric lifetime (26 yr) too small?

  13. Overview • Ground-based Continuous Networks • Column measurements: NDACC • In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE • Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks • CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions • CCl4: sources and sinks: an update • “new” CFCs • HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions • climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

  14. Results of ground-based in-situ networks “New” ozone-depleting susbtances chlorofluorocarbon: CFC-112 Laube et al., Nature Geoscience, 2014

  15. Results of ground-based in-situ networks “New” ozone-depleting susbtances Laube et al., Nature Geoscience, 2014 chlorofluorocarbon: CFC-113a Concentrations: very low, partly increasing Emissions: low, partly increasing “New” ODSs:

  16. Overview • Ground-based Continuous Networks • Column measurements: NDACC • In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE • Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks • CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions • CCl4: sources and sinks: an update • “new” CFCs • HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions • climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

  17. Results of ground-based in-situ networks for ozone-depleting substances Concentrations Emissions Concentrations: still increasing Emissions: total ~stable HFCF-141b reincreasing? HCFCs:

  18. Results of ground-based in-situ networks Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Concentrations Emissions Concentrations: increasing Emissions: increasing HFCs:

  19. Overview • Ground-based Continuous Networks • Column measurements: NDACC • In-situ measurements: NOAA (ESRL)/AGAGE • Results from Ground-based Continuous Networks • CFCs/chlorinated solvents: abundance and emissions • CCl4: sources and sinks: an update • “new” CFCs • HCFCs/HFCs: abundance and emissions • climate impact of CFCs/HCFCs/HFCs and new replacement compounds

  20. Emissions as CO2-Equivalents: Ozone-depleting substances and HFCs

  21. Emissions as CO2-Equivalents: Ozone-depleting substances and HFCs

  22. Proposal toamend the Montreal Protocol toinclude HFCs http://ozone.unep.org/Meeting_Documents/mop/22mop/MOP-22-5E.pdf

  23. Long-lived ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are mainly behaving as expected CCl4 sources estimated from measurements are higher than reconciled by inventories New ODSs have been detected in the atmosphere, but their influence on stratospheric ozone is still negligible HFCs as replacement compounds are increasing and CO2 equivalent emissions are similar to CFCs and HCFCs Continuous measurements of ozone-depletingsubstancesareneededto check trends and compliance with international Protocols Conclusions

  24. Thank you for your attention! Contributions from: NOAA(ESRL) AGAGE Bradley Hall (NOAA) Emmanuel Mahieu (Uni. Liège) Johannes Laube (UEA)

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