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This guide covers the fundamentals of navigating the UNIX file system, including essential commands and concepts. Learn about absolute and relative pathnames, and how to manage files and directories using commands like `pwd`, `ls`, `cd`, `mkdir`, `rmdir`, `touch`, `mv`, and `rm`. Each command is explained with practical examples to enhance your understanding. Whether you're a beginner or looking to refresh your knowledge, this resource will help you effectively navigate and manipulate the UNIX file system. ###
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bin vue lib sbin contrib local share Layout of UNIX’s File Systems / / sbin usr dev etc opt var stand tmp home vmunix user1 group passwd profile user2 mail news tmp vue man man ls cp sh tar vi
/ home tmp usr bin F1 user1 user2 user3 cp ls vi man F1 F1 F1 memo F1 Path Names • Absolute Pathname – The name of a file or directory with respect to the root (/) directory • Relative Pathname – The name of a file or directory with respect to the user’s present working directory (pwd) 4 2 1 3
pwd: Your Present Working Directory • pwd – Command that tells your present working directory • Example: / $ pwd /home/user3 You are here home user1 user2 user3 F1 F1 F1 memo F1
ls: List the Contents • ls– Command used to list the names of files and directories • Example: / home $ ls f1 f2 memo $ ls –F F1 F2* memo/ $ ls –aF .profile F1 F2* memo/ $ ls memo F1 F2 user1 user2 user3 F1 F1 .profile F1 F2 memo F2 F1
cd: Changing your Current Directory • cd – Command that will allow you to change directory, and move to some other location in the hierarchy • Example: / $ pwd /home/user3 $ cd memo; pwd /home/user3/memo $ cd ../.. ; pwd /home $ cd /tmp; pwd /tmp tmp home F1 user1 user2 user3 F1 F1 .profile F1 F2 memo F2 F1
mkdir: Making Your Own Directories • mkdir– Command that will allow you to make a directory • Example: / $ pwd /home/user3 $ mkdir fruit $ mkdir fruit/apple $ cd fruit $ mkdir grape orange home user1 user2 user3 F1 F1 fruit .profile F1 F2 memo F2 F1 apple grape orange
rmdir: Deleting Directories • rmdir – Command used to remove directories • Example / $ rmdir orange $ cd .. $ rmdir fruit rmdir: fruit not empty home user1 user2 user3 F1 F1 memo .profile F1 F2 fruit F2 F1 apple grape orange $ rmdir fruit/apple fruit/grape fruit
touch: Creating an empty file • Example $ pwd /home/user3/fruit $ touch kiwi $ ls apple grape orange kiwi / home user1 user2 user3 F1 F1 memo .profile F1 F2 fruit F2 F1 grape orange kiwi apple
