Continuing Traditions

1. Continuing Traditions

2. Do Now • Take out your Lesson 7.2 Fact-Finder, Homework and Practice Book, and Vocabulary Sheets

3. I. The Maccabees • A. In 332BC, the Judean Empire faced another conqueror – the Macedonian emperor Alexander the Great

4. Alexander the Great’s Empire

5. The Maccabees • 1. He loved Greek culture and brought many Greekcustoms to his conquered lands, including Judah, which was then called Judaea

6. The Maccabees • B. In 200 B.C., a Greek ruler outlawed Judaism and forced all Judeans to worship Greek gods

7. The Maccabees • C. In 167 B.C., a man named Judah led a revolt

8. The Maccabees • 1. During the revolt, he became known as Judah Maccabee • 2. Today, the event is remembered as the Revolt of the Maccabees

9. Revolt of the Maccabees

10. The Maccabees • a. JudahMaccabee and his recruits recapturedJerusalem and all of Judaea • b. They restored Jewishworship in the Temple

11. Judaea

12. The Maccabees • D. In 63 B.C., the Roman Empire took control of Judaea

13. The Maccabees • 1. They chose Jewish kings who were loyal to Rome • 2. The Jewish people were mistreated and rebelled, and in A.D. 70, the Romans laid siege to Jerusalem, leaving it and the Temple in ruins

14. Destruction of the Temple

15. The Maccabees • E. After the Second Temple was destroyed, Rabbi YohananbenZaccai founded a Jewish school in Yavnehsouth of Jerusalem

16. The Maccabees • 1. The school grew into a center for Jewishlife • 2. Synagogues, too continued to gain importance as places of prayer and study • 3. Both of these events helped Judaism survive

17. Synagogue Ruins

18. The Maccabees • F. In A.D. 132, the Jewish people tried to overthrow the Romans • 1. Simon Bar Kokhba was the leader of the revolt

19. The Maccabees • 2. The Romans crushed the revolt • a. They sent nearly all of the Jews of Jerusalem into exile • b. Jewish people would not rule Judaea again for 1,800 years

20. Judah

21. II. The Writings of Judaism • A. The Hebrew Bible is bothhistory and literature • 1. It tells the stories of the Jewish people to about 300 B.C.

22. II. The Writings of Judaism • B. The Hebrew Bible has threeparts • 1. First is the Torah or “the Law”, including the Ten Commandments • 2. Next is the Nevi’imor “the Prophets” • 3. The third part is the Ketuvim, or “the Writings”

23. The Writings of Judaism • C. Genesis is the first book of the Torah, which explains how God created the universe

24. The Writings of Judaism • 1. One of the best-known stories in Genesis is about Noah and the flood • 2. In this story, God orders Noah to build an ark, a large boat, and take aboard two of every living creature • 3. Noah and the others on the ark survive the flood to renew life on Earth

25. Noah’s Ark

26. The Writings of Judaism • D. Some, such as the Rabbi Hillel, devoted their lives to studying and teaching the Torah

27. The Writings of Judaism • E. The Nevi’im includes the words of prophets, such as Jeremiah and Ezekiel, who spoke to the Jewish people as representatives of God

28. Jeremiah and Ezekiel Jeremiah Ezekiel

29. The Writings of Judaism • 1. It also tells the history ofIsraelite kings, including David and Solomon

30. The Writings of Judaism • F. The Ketuvim contains several kinds of written works, including stories

31. The Writings of Judaism • 1. One of the most popular stories is about friendship and loyalty • 2. It is the story of Ruth, a young woman who married into a Jewish family • 3. When her husband died, Ruth stayed to care for her mother-in-law, Naomi, instead of returning to her own family • 4. Ruth told Naomi, “Your people shall be my people, and your God my God”

32. Ruth

33. III. Jewish Traditions and Influence • A. Rosh Hashanah is the first day of the Jewish New Year and the beginning of the ten High Holy Days • 1. The last day of the High Holy Days is Yom Kippur

34. Jewish Traditions and Influence • 2. Rosh Hashanah is known as the Day of Judgment • a. Jews believe that on this day, God judgesthem • b. They examine their actions of the past year and think about any sins they have committed

35. Jewish Traditions and Influence • B. Yom Kippur is known as the Day of Atonement • a. Jews express regret for their sins and ask God to forgive them

36. Jewish Traditions and Influence • C. Passover is an important holiday that marks the Israelites’ escape from Egypt

37. Jewish Traditions and Influence • D. Judaism influenced two of the world’s largest religions, Christianity and Islam • 1. According to tradition, Abraham is an important figure to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

38. Jewish Traditions and Influence • E. Jesus, on whom Christianity was founded, was Jewish • 1. He taught many of the ideas of Judaism, such as the belief in God and the importance of the Ten Commandments • 2. In addition, Jesus taught new religious ideas

39. Jesus

40. Various Crosses

41. Jewish Traditions and Influence • F. Muslims, who practice the religion of Islam, say that Abraham, an early prophet, received messages from God

42. Jewish Traditions and Influence • 1. They also say that Muhammad was God’s final prophet • 2. Muhammad said that he was a descendant of Abraham’s son Ishmael • 3. The life of Muhammad and the message of Islam are presented in the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam

43. Qur’an

44. Jewish Traditions and Influence • 4. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have many differences, but they have a very important similarity • 1. All three focus on the belief in one God who sets down moral laws for their followers

45. Wrap Up • What empires conquered Jerusalem? • Who led revolts in the name of Israel? • What are the three parts of the Hebrew Bible? What does each section include? • What Jewish holidays can you remember? • What religions were influenced by Judaism?