Download
1 / 6
60 likes | 191 Vues
This chapter explores cognitive processes related to perception-based knowledge representation. It delves into the hierarchical structure of images and their decomposition into meaningful chunks. The distinction between route and survey maps is discussed, highlighting how adults create survey maps, which offer more versatility than children's route maps. The chapter also examines common errors in map distortion, particularly in judging relative locations, and the impact of verbal descriptions on spatial judgments. Lastly, it covers concepts like serial position effects and hierarchical encoding in memory recall.
E N D
Cognitive ProcessesPSY 334 Chapter 4 – Perception-Based Knowledge Representation July 17, 2003
Hierarchical Structure • Images have structure and are decomposed into chunks based on that structure. • Reed’s forms. • Grouping of items in room.
Cognitive Maps • Two kinds of maps: • Route map – indicates places and turns, but not all landmarks. • Survey map – shows all relevant portions of space, not just route. • Adults produce survey maps, kids produce route maps. • Survey maps more versatile.
Map Distortions • Which is farther east: San Diego or Reno? • People map wrong guesses because they reason from the positions of the states, not cities. • Relative positions of larger areas are compared, not details.
Translating Verbal Descriptions • Subjects were asked to read passages, rotate themselves and make judgments: • Fastest when making above-below judgments, slower with right-left. • Verbal directions (survey or route) are as good as using actual maps.
Remembering Serial Position • Serial position – what comes first and what comes later in a list. • Anchoring – first items are better remembered in sequences. • Hierarchical encoding helps serial recall: • Alphabet song
