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Understanding Viruses, Cell Cycles, and Biomolecules: Key Concepts in Cell Biology

This article explores essential concepts in cell biology, focusing on the characteristics of viruses, including their structure of nucleic acids and protein coats. It discusses viral life cycles and the role of genes as hereditary information carriers on chromosomes. The phases of the cell cycle, particularly mitosis, are covered, highlighting the risks of cancer due to genetic, environmental, and viral factors. Additionally, the article explains the significance of biomolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in cellular processes.

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Understanding Viruses, Cell Cycles, and Biomolecules: Key Concepts in Cell Biology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. REPORTING CATEGORY 1

  2. #1-VIruses

  3. viruses • Virus must recognize specific receptor siteon host cell • All viruses =2basic parts: • nucleic acid • protein coat (capsid) • Capsid: protein coat containing inner core of:DNAorRNA • Protein coat gives viruses diff. shapes

  4. #45-viral life cycles

  5. Viral life cycles

  6. #47-cell differentiation

  7. DNA and Genes GENE:- A SEGMENT OF DNA LOCATED ON THE CHROMOSOME -THE CARRIERS OF HEREDITARY INFORMATION IN CELLS -CODE FOR THE PROTEINS THAT CARRY OUT CELLULAR FUNCTIONS

  8. #16-cell cycle

  9. Phases of mitosis • Four phases of mitosis: • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase

  10. #41-cell cycle

  11. Mistakes in the cell cycle • Cancer a malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division • Possible causes of cancer: • 1. genetic factors – predisposition in the family; genes inherited • 2. environmental factors – smoking; air and water pollution • 3. viral infections – that damage the genes

  12. #36-biomolecules

  13. glucose biomolecules CARBOHYDRATE C:H:O LIPID C:H:O PROTEIN C:H:N:O NUCLEOTIDE C:H:N:O:P

  14. #20-biomolecules

  15. Polymers and monomers Carbohydrates: monosaccharide disaccharide polysaccharide • Lipids: Triglycerides are composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. • Proteins:Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds • Nucleic acids: Nucleotides include: • phosphate group • pentose sugar (5-carbon) • nitrogenous bases

  16. #6-energy in a cell

  17. Cellular respiration • When we eat, we get energy (glucose and other sugars) • Food energy is broken down into usable energy • Energy used to bond phosphate groups to ADP to make ATP

  18. #23-cell structures

  19. Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes

  20. #29-cell structures

  21. organelles

  22. #33-cell cycle

  23. Phases of the cell cycle • Interphase – preparing for cell division • G1 phase – primarygrowth phase • S phase – DNA replication • G2 phase – second period of growth • Organelles replicatethroughout

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