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THE GREAT STRIKE

THE GREAT STRIKE. CHAPTER 13 SECTION 4. INDUSTRIALIZATION. LOWERED PRICES OF CONSUMER GOODS 1800S MOST FACTORY WORKERS DID NOT EARN ENOUGH TO BUY THEM. WORKERS TOOK COMPLAINTS DIRECTLY TO EMPLOYERS. GULF BETWEEN RICH AND POOR. BEST OF TIMES THE AVERAGE WORKER EARNED A FEW $100 PER YEAR.

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THE GREAT STRIKE

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  1. THE GREAT STRIKE CHAPTER 13 SECTION 4

  2. INDUSTRIALIZATION • LOWERED PRICES OF CONSUMER GOODS • 1800S MOST FACTORY WORKERS DID NOT EARN ENOUGH TO BUY THEM. • WORKERS TOOK COMPLAINTS DIRECTLY TO EMPLOYERS.

  3. GULF BETWEEN RICH AND POOR BEST OF TIMES THE AVERAGE WORKER EARNED A FEW $100 PER YEAR. RESENTED OWNERS LIFESTYLE

  4. SOCIALISM • DEFINED- • ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY THAT FAVORS PUBLIC INSTEAD OF PRIVATE CONTROL OR THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION • NOT INDIVIDUAL CONTORL OF NATIONS WEALTH • EVEN DISTRIBUTION.

  5. KARL MARX • GERMAN PHILOSOPHER • WROTE PAMPHLET – COMMUNIST MANIFESTO • DENOUNCED THE CAPITALIST ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND PREDICTED THAT WORKERS WOULD ONE DAY OVERTURN IT.

  6. OPPOSITION TO SOCIALISM • WEALTHY SAW IT AS A THREAT • POLITICIANS SAW IT AS A THREAT TO PUBLIC ORDER. • AMERICANS/MOST WORKERS • THREAT TO AMERICAN IDEALS SUCH AS PRIVATE PROPERTY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY.

  7. EARLY LABOR UNIONS • ORGANIZED WORKERS IN CERTAIN TRADES. • NATIONAL TRADES UNION- FIRST LABOR ORGANIZATION, OPEN TO ALL TRADES. • AFTER CIVIL WAR • STRONG LOCAL UNIONS • LOOKED FOR SHORTER WORKDAYS, HIGH WAGES, BETTER CONDITIONS.

  8. THE KNIGHTS OF LABOR • NATIONAL UNION • ORGANIZE ALL WORKING MEN AND WOMEN, SKILLED AND UNSKILLED INTO ONE UNION. • LEADER- TERENCE POWEDERLY • EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK • 8 HOUR WORKDAY • END CHILD LABOR

  9. THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR • SAMUEL GOMPERS • CRAFT UNION (ONLY SKILLED WORKERS IN SMALL UNIONS DEVOTED TO A CRAFT). • RELIED ON STRIKES AND BOYCOTTS • COLLECTIVE BARGAINING- • WORKERS NEGOTIATE AS A GROUP WITH EMPLOYERS.

  10. REACTION OF EMPLOYERS • DISLIKED AND FEARED UNIONS • STEPS TO STOP UNIONS • FORBID UNION MEETINGS • FIRING UNION ORGANIZERS • FORCING EMPLOYEES TO SIGN “YELLOW DOG” CONTRACTS (PROMISE TO NOT JOIN OR PARTICIPATE IN STRIKE) • REFUSE TO BARGAIN COLLECTIVELY WHEN STRIKES OCCURRED • REDUSE TO RECOGNIZE UNIONS AS THEIR WORKERS’ LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVES.

  11. THE GREAT RAILWAY STRIKE OF 1877 BEGAN WHEN BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD ANNOUNCED A WAGE CUT OF 10 PERCENT IN THE MIDDLE OF A DEPRESSION. WORKERS IN MARTINSBURG , WEST VIRGINIA DECLARED FIRST STRIKE. VIOLENCE SPREAD TO PITTSBURGH, SOLDIERS FIRED ON RIOTERS.

  12. INDUSTRIAL UNION • ORGANIZED WORKERS FROM ALL CRAFTS IN A GIVEN INDUSTRY. • PROPOSED BY EUGENE V. DEBBS • LEADERSHIP ROLE IN THE BROTHERHOOD OF LOCOMOTIVE FIREMEN. • TRYING TO STOP THE VIOLENCE OF STRIKES.

  13. STRIKES ROCK THE NATION 1881-1900 ABOUT 24,000 STRIKES TOOK PLACE THREE VIOLENT EVENTS

  14. HAYMARKET 1886 • GROUPS OF WORKERS WANTED 8 HOUR WORKDAYS • FIGHT BETWEEN WORKERS AND SCABS (NEGATIVE TERM FOR A WORKER WHO REPLACES A STRIKING WORKER) • PROTEST RALLY IN CHICAGOS HAYMARKET SQUARE. • ANARCHISTS JOINED (RADICALS WHO OPPOSED ALL GOVERNMENT) • BOMB WAS THROWN

  15. HOMESTEAD 1892 HENRY FRICK TRIED TO CUT WORKERS’ WAGES AT CARNEGIE STEEL. UNION CALLED STRIKE SHOOTOUT BETWEEN STRIKERS AND POLICE ALEXANDER BERKMAN TRIED TO ASSASSINATE FRICK NOVEMBER 20TH UNION CALLED OFF STRIKE.

  16. PULLMAN 1894 • RAILWAY INDUSTRY • GEORGE PULLMAN-INVENTED LUXERY SLEEPING CAR AND NEEDED LABORERS. • TOWN OF PULLMAN • TOO MUCH CONTROL • WORKERS WENT ON STRIKE AND HE SHUT DOWN THE PLANT. • 260,000 RAILWAY WORKERS HAD JOINED IN THE PULLMAN STRIKE. • DISRUPTED RAILROAD TRAFFIC AND MAIL DELIVERY. • FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GOT INVOLVED LEADING TO THE END OF THE STRIKE.

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