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Elements of an Argument

Elements of an Argument. Rhetorical Triangle. pathos. ethos. audience. speaker. message. logos. The Appeals. pathos – emotional appeal; stirs strong feelings within the audience logos – logical appeal; constructs a message of a well-reasoned argument

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Elements of an Argument

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  1. Elements of an Argument

  2. Rhetorical Triangle pathos ethos audience speaker message logos

  3. The Appeals • pathos – emotional appeal; stirs strong feelings within the audience • logos – logical appeal; constructs a message of a well-reasoned argument • ethos – ethical appeal; establishes credibility and authority of speaker

  4. How do I identify pathos? • Connotative diction • Diction • Imagery • Figurative language (metaphor, personification, hyperbole, etc. ) • Carefully-crafted syntax (sentence structure) • Personal anecdotes (experiences or stories)

  5. How do I identify logos? • Facts • Statistics • Research • Referring to experts • Cause & effect

  6. How do I identify ethos? • Stating qualifications for expertise • Using first person plural pronouns (“we”) • Citing relevant authorities • Citing relevant allusions

  7. More parts to the construction of an argument…

  8. Call to action – the action the speaker or writer is persuading the audience or reader to take • Claim – debatable controversial statement the speaker or writer intends to prove with evidence • Commentary – connecting the evidence to the claim (How does evidence support claim?) • Concession – respectful acknowledgement of opposing viewpoint

  9. Hook – the beginning of a persuasive essay meant to capture the reader’s attention (quote, profound statement, imagery, etc.) • Evidence – support for writer’s claim (examples, anecdotes, facts, statistics, research, etc.) • Thesis – a sentence that expresses the writer’s position on a certain topic • Qualifier – puts limits on a claim (usually, sometimes, in most cases, etc.)

  10. Constructing an Argument

  11. 1. Introduction a. Hook b. Thesis 2. Body Paragraph 1 a. Claim b. Evidence c. Commentary • Body Paragraph 2 a. Claim b. Evidence c. Commentary 4. Body Paragraph 3 a. Claim b. Evidence c. Commentary 5. Conclusion a. Refutation – (slight CONCESSION) b. Make it memorable (CALL TO ACTION)

  12. Terms of Concessions • I concede that…; however, … • Yes, but… • I recognize that …, but I must point out that… • While I agree that…, we must remember that… • Although I understand that…, I still believe that…

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