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Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era

Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era. Chapter 9. Introduction. Jazz musicians began to experiment with more complex, often less danceable rhythms

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Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era

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  1. Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Chapter 9

  2. Introduction • Jazz musicians began to experiment with more complex, often less danceable rhythms • Because this new brand of music was more difficult, if not impossible to dance to, the mainstream public lost interest and jazz became a “high art”

  3. Bebop • Named after scat syllables • Pioneered by John “Dizzy” Gillespie and Charlie Parker

  4. Dizzy Gillespie • 1917 • trumpet • born South Carolina • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvIXzeDLpMw

  5. Charlie Parker • 1920 • Saxophone • Born Kansas City • Both moved to New York and formed a quintet together

  6. Characteristics of Bebop • Smaller ensembles • Music became more abstract • Tempos sped up or slowed down • Too fast/slow to dance to • More interesting chord progressions and modulations • Melodies were usually complex lines made of eighth notes

  7. Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gilliespie- Koko • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okrNwE6GI70

  8. Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing EraBirth of Cool Jazz

  9. Claude Thornhill leader of Claude Thornhill Orchestra • Gil Evans + Gerry Mulligan - arrangers • Frequently used French horns and tuba • Miles Davis was recruited to lead the band

  10. Miles Davis 1926 • Trumpet • Released The Birth of the Cool – met with little popular appeal at first but has turned out to be a tremendously influential album • Video 25 minutes long  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vqo3DRwlFO4

  11. The Miles Davis Quintet • 00:00 to 10:40 - So What (composed by Miles Davis from the album Kind Of Blue) • Miles Davis with the Gil Evans Orchestra • 10:41 tp 14:04 - The Duke (composed by Dave Brubeck from the album Miles Ahead) • 14:05 to 19:57 - Blues For Pablo (composed by Gil Evans from the album Miles Ahead) • 19:58 to 24:21 - New Rhumba (composed by Ahmad Jamal from the album Miles Ahead)

  12. Characteristics of Cool Jazz • Lighter tone quality • Cool, detached sound quality

  13. Cool Jazz turned out to be a hit with college-age youth in the early 1950’s • it combined a soft unimposing sound with intellectual content • allowed the consumer to contemplate it deeply or relegate it to the background without it being overwhelming • because of this it found its way into coffee shops and bars near college campuses

  14. Dave Brubeck - 1920 • Piano • Formed the Dave Brubeck quartet in 1951 • Gained popularity by playing college campuses • Two of his best known songs are in odd time signatures • Take Five http://youtu.be/y9aG3wUrfrE

  15. Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing EraBossa Nova

  16. Bossa Nova • means new beat • Pioneered by Stan Getz and Joao Gilberto – they released their first album together in 1963 • Combination of Brazilian music and Jazz • Specifically a combination of a slow samba and the complex chord progressions of bebop • Brazilian music combines cultural roots of Portuguese, African and native South American inhabitants

  17. Characteristics of bossa nova • Lyrics are sophisticated and romantic • Tempo and rhythmic feel is danceable • Complex chord progressions • Light tonal quality • The Girl from Ipanema (Gilberto and Getz) • http://youtu.be/UJkxFhFRFDA

  18. Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing EraJazz Fusion, Free Jazz and Smooth Jazz

  19. Jazz Fusion • Blend of jazz and rock • Notable practitioners • Herbie Hancock http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4ASTMFN-h4 • Miles Davis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrPQKH9n0bk • Josef Zawinul - “In A Silent Way” http://youtu.be/SqyepMYvUac

  20. Free Jazz • Sounds dissonant and rambling to the average listener • Spontaneous improvising • Little or no regard for prescribed form, melody or chords • Notable practitioner • John Coltrane – tenor saxophone - 1926 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1xe7FDsQWY

  21. Smooth Jazz • Soothing, romantic and classy • Notable practitioners • David Sanborn – saxophone – 1945 http://youtu.be/lsq5eWCRz0U • Kenny Gorelick – soprano saxophone – 1956 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUWy7XAOBNM • George Benson – guitar – 1943 http://youtu.be/5QjTK0pL1go • Commercial music - has kept jazz alive to the larger public

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