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Understanding Genetics: Punnett Squares, Alleles, and Genotype Ratios

Dive into the world of genetics with our comprehensive guide on Punnett squares, heterozygous and homozygous genotypes, and the essential terms associated with DNA, alleles, and chromosomes. This resource explains how to use Punnett squares to predict phenotypic and genotypic ratios, clarifying concepts like dominant and recessive traits through practical examples. Whether you need to determine the genotype of parents or analyze outcomes for their children’s traits, this guide prepares you for success in genetics exploration and understanding inheritance patterns.

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Understanding Genetics: Punnett Squares, Alleles, and Genotype Ratios

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  1. Use these words to brainstorm: • Heterozygous • Homozygous • Allele • Gene • Chromosome • DNA • Punnett Square • Nucleotide • Genotype • Phenotype • Phenotypic ratio • Genotypic ratio

  2. Punnett Square Prep

  3. Say these aloud as fast as you can!

  4. Round 1: Dominant or Recessive

  5. RR

  6. Rr

  7. hh

  8. Tt

  9. R

  10. t

  11. a

  12. Aa

  13. G

  14. g

  15. Heterozygous or Homozygous?

  16. hh

  17. Tt

  18. RR

  19. tt

  20. Aa

  21. AA

  22. Gg

  23. gg

  24. Get out your boards

  25. Write the genotypes for the following: T=Tall t= short Tall:___________________ Short:__________________

  26. Write the genotypes for the following: R=Red eyed flies r= black eyed flies Round:___________________ Box:__________________

  27. Write the genotypes for the following: B=Brunette b= blonde Blonde:___________________ Brunette:__________________

  28. Make the Punnett Square and be prepared to answer the questions that follow: G= green spots g= white spots Homozygous recessive parent 1 Homozygous dominant parent 2

  29. Make the Punnett Square and be prepared to answer the questions that follow: Freckles are recessive. No freckles are dominant. Mom= heterozygous Dad=homozygous recessive Possible outcomes for kids?

  30. Now answer these questions about your Punnett Square • What is the percent chance of each phenotype? • What is the phenotypic ratio? • What is the genotypic ratio?

  31. Make the Punnett Square and be prepared to answer the questions that follow: D= spotted fur d= no spots Heterozygous parent 1 Heterozygous parent 2

  32. Now answer these questions about your Punnett Square • What is the percent chance of each phenotype? • What is the phenotypic ratio? • What is the genotypic ratio?

  33. Make the Punnett Square and be prepared to answer the questions that follow: N= spiny stem n= smooth stem Heterozygous parent 1 Homozygous recessive parent 2

  34. Now answer these questions about your Punnett Square • What is the percent chance of each phenotype? • What is the phenotypic ratio? • What is the genotypic ratio?

  35. Make the Punnett Square and be prepared to answer the questions that follow: B=Brown eyes b=Blue Eyes (Bob)Heterozygous parent 1 (Susie) Heterozygous parent 2

  36. Now answer these questions about your Punnett Square • What is the percent chance of each phenotype? genotype? • What is the phenotypic ratio? • What is the genotypic ratio?

  37. Answer this and prove with your own punnett square If a woman is homozygous normal and her husband is heterozygous for a genetically inherited recessive disease and they decide to become parents, what is the probability that they will have a healthy child?

  38. Solve this problem Becky and Allen are having a baby. Their bouncing baby boy arrives with blue eyes, but Becky and Allen both have brown eyes. How can you prove to them that this is really their child? Create a punnett square that shows it is possible.

  39. Look at the Punnett Square to the right to answer the questions: • Are the parents homozygous or heterozygous? • What is the genotypic ratio?

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