Integrating Climate Change and Gender into Domestic Budgets

1. Integrating Climate Change and Gender into Domestic Budgets Joanne Manda Global NDC Conference 2019

2. Regional Programme – Phase 2, 5 years – 2017-2021 (Sweden) • How do we ensure that climate finance is transforming development overall and building resilience? • How do we ensure that money is well spent, and hence maximizing its impact and effectiveness for CC and gender? • How do we strengthen the use of country systems?

3. PROJECT COUNTRIES

4. Moving towards transformation of the budget Integrated Climate Change Financing Frameworks • Budget tracking and reporting • Budget formulation • Advocacy briefs • Civil society • Parliament • Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review • Climate Budget Integration Index Sequencing of interventions

5. What Are we learning?

6. Developing Policies is not Enough! Despite official endorsement of national climate change and gender policies and plans, implementation is proving to be a challenge. Policies needs to: • Be aligned and feed into national development strategy processes and vice versa. • Inform and be integrated into sector policies and vice versa. • Inform and be integrated into other cross-cutting issues and vice versa • Inform and be integrated into sub-national policies and vice versa. • Be costed and integrated into a country’s medium and long term fiscal and expenditure framework. • Translate into concrete allocations in national and sub-national budgets. • Monitored and Evaluated. • Audited and Overseen. Auditor General, Parliament and CSOs.

7. We need a Whole-of-Government Approach Parliament Sector Ministries Sub-national governments

8. Traditional budget system and Climate Change Adaptation Climate Needs Mitigation Climate Policy BUDGET GFS classification

9. Where are the entry points? Text

10. CSOs, Think tanks, Media and Communities Project Appraisal Guidelines requires integration of CC/GE concerns: usage of nationally approved CC scenarios, CVAs CC-adjusted CB, co-benefits in planning templates submitted to Planning Commission Performance Audits/Compliance Audits report to Parliament and/or PAC-PAC conducts sessions to discuss reports Public Programs a Parliament e.g. Budget Circular requires line ministries to identify CC/GE dimension and CC/GE relevance of projects and linkages with NCCAP in their Budget Submissions Climate/GR KPIs =Budget Negotiations =Budget Allocations e.g. Progress reports versus NCCAPs and N GEPs and Targets Climate change and GE expenditure reports Public Finance integrating CC and GE concerns e.g allocations and expenditures that integrate CC and/or GE concerns are tagged in budget and information systems (FMIS…) Budget Hearings in Committees informed by Budge Briefs on CC Finance and Gender Budget Speech makes reference to CC and Gender and Enactment e.g. Green and Climate Change Compatible Procurement Law and Guidelines

11. GENDER AND HUMAN RIGHTS MoF Mainstreaming gender Using already established systems CSOs Research Advocacy KPIs Line Ministries

12. Our Approach System reforms e.g. Budget Tagging Expenditure reports on climate related investments that include analysis of impacts on gender and poverty Holding government to account

13. Our Approach Bridging the gap between the evidence on the gender impact of CC and budget planning and formulation across sectors Introduce climate change and gender mainstreaming requirements and relevant instruments in the strategic entry points of the planning and budgeting cycle Support the design of gender responsive, climate change adaptive budgets through the preparation of quality planning templates and budget submissions to Planning Commissions and Ministries of Finance Deepen and systematize climate change and gender mainstreaming in policy implementation plans of the countries where we are working

14. A word onMonitoring and Evaluation: • Are Public Investments identified as Climate and/or GE Relevant actually contributing to mitigation and adaptation and/or Gender Equality effectively? • A Monitoring and Evaluation Framework that allows the impact assessment of the expenditures both in terms of GHG reduction and resilience building for both men and women over the medium and long term. • The SAI could conduct performance audits on projects claiming CC and/or GE impacts as well as validate the CC/GE expenditure reports and their methodology. • Audits could be submitted to Parliament and discussed in the Public Accounts Committee and inform next round of CC/GE Planning and Budgeting by Government and how to better build synergies between the two.

15. CHALLENGES PFM systems – lack of flexibility to integrated approaches Long gestation of PFM reforms - sustainability Difficulty feeding evidence from collaborative research into budget formulation Rotation of reform champions

16. Some Practical Examples from:NepalTonga and Fiji