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Understanding Selection Statements in C Programming

Learn about selection statements, if, else statements, cascaded if, nested if in C programming language with examples and common errors. Implement selection instructions into algorithms for decision-making processes.

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Understanding Selection Statements in C Programming

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  1. Selection (Seleksi)

  2. Topik • Statemen (pernyataan) if • Statemen (pernyataan) else • Cascadedif • Nestedif Baca buku mengenai c

  3. Statement if • Menentukan block yg akan di eksekusi. • Di implementasikan pd selection instructions dlm algorithm. • Memutuskan utk melakukan evaluasi suatu Boolean expression. • Jika ekspresi true (non-zero), block dieksekusi.

  4. contoh: oddnum.c Baca suatu angka, dan cetak jika ganjil. output “Masukan suatu integer” input number if (number adlh ganjil ) then { output number }

  5. contoh : oddnum.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil.*/ int main() { return 0; } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number adlhganjil ) then { output number }

  6. contoh : oddnum.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil.*/ int main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); return 0; } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number adlhganjil ) then { output number }

  7. contoh : oddnum.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil.*/ int main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d\n", number); } return 0; } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number adlhganjil ) then { output number }

  8. contoh : oddnum.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil.*/ int main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d\n", number); } return 0; } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number adlhganjil ) then { output number } Jgn letakan “then” disini!

  9. contoh : oddnum.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil.*/ int main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d\n", number); } return 0; } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number adlhganjil ) then { output number } Jgn letakan semicolon disini!

  10. contoh : oddnum.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil.*/ int main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d\n", number); } return 0; } Baca suatu angka, dan cetak jika ganjil. output “Masukan suatu integer” input number if (number adlh ganjil ) then { output number }

  11. Catatan pada if A if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d", number); } printf(” is odd\n"); • Potongan kode mana yang sama ? B if (number % 2 != 0) printf("%d", number); printf(” is odd\n"); C if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d", number); printf(” is odd\n"); }

  12. Catatan pada if A if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d", number); } printf(” is odd\n"); • Potongan kode mana yang sama ? B if (number % 2 != 0) printf("%d", number); printf(” is odd\n"); C if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d", number); printf(” is odd\n"); }

  13. Catatan pada if • Kesalahan umum if (number % 2 != 0); { printf("%d adlh ganjil “,number); } printf("number\n");

  14. Catatan pada if • Kesalahan umum if (number % 2 != 0); { printf("%d is an odd ", number); } printf("number\n"); No semi-colon disini!

  15. Catatan pada if • Kesalahan umum if (number = 0) { printf("%d\n", number); } printf("%d\n", number);

  16. Catatan pada if • Kesalahan umum if (number = 0) { printf("%d\n", number); } printf("%d\n", number); Should be ==

  17. Staement else • Muncul setelah statement if • Dieksekusi hanya jika blok if tidak di eksekusi

  18. contoh: oddeven.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. */ main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d adalahbilanganganjil\n", number); } } Baca suatu angka, dan cetak jika ganjil. output “Masukan suatu integer” input number if (number is odd) then { output: number “ adlh bilangan ganjil ” } else { output: number “ adlh bilangan genap” }

  19. contoh : oddeven.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. */ main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d adalahbilanganganjil\n", number); } else { printf("%d adalahbilangangenap\n", number); } } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number is odd) then { output: number “ adlhbilanganganjil ” } else { output: number “ adlhbilangangenap” }

  20. contoh : oddeven.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. */ main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d adalahbilanganganjil\n", number); } else { printf("%d adalahbilangangenap\n", number); } } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number is odd) then { output: number “ adlhbilanganganjil ” } else { output: number “ adlhbilangangenap” } No semicolons disini!

  21. contoh : oddeven.c #include <stdio.h> /* Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. */ main() { int number; printf(“Masukansuatu integer: "); scanf("%d", &number); if (number % 2 != 0) { printf("%d adalahbilanganganjil\n", number); } else { printf("%d adalahbilangangenap\n", number); } } Baca suatuangka, dancetakjikaganjil. output “Masukansuatu integer” input number if (number is odd) then { output: number “ adlhbilanganganjil ” } else { output: number “ adlhbilangangenap” }

  22. Statement Cascaded if • Blok Alternatif banyak dengan ekspresi Boolean. • Ekspresi pertama di evaluasi ke true, yg menyebabkan eksekusi pada blok yang di asosiasikan. (ada default blok) • Hanya satu blok yang akan di eksekusi.

  23. contoh: months.c output “Enter an integer” input month if (month is September, or April, or June, or November) then { output “30 days” } else if (month is February) { output “28 or 29 days” } else { output “31 days” } Menentukan jumlah hari dalam sebulan : 30 adalah September, April, June dan November. Sisanya 31, kecuali February , ada 28 dan 29 pd thn kabisat (leap year).

  24. Example: months.c int main() { return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2;

  25. Example: months.c int main() { int month; printf(“Masukan jmlh hari dlm sebulan: "); scanf("%d", &month); return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2;

  26. Example: months.c int main() { int month; printf("Masukanjmlhharidlmsebulan:"); scanf("%d", &month); if (month==September || month==April || month==June || month==November ) { printf("30 hai\n"); } return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2;

  27. Example: months.c int main() { int month; printf("Masukanjmlhharidlmsebulan: "); scanf("%d", &month); if (month==September || month==April || month==June || month==November ) { printf("30 hari\n"); } return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2; Kesalahan umum: if (month==September || April || June || November )

  28. Example: months.c int main() { int month; printf("Masukanjmlhharidlmsebulan: "); scanf("%d", &month); if (month==September || month==April || month==June || month==November ) { printf("30 hari\n"); } else if (month==February) { printf("28 atau 29 hari\n"); } return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2;

  29. Example: months.c int main() { int month; printf("Masukanjmlhharidlmsebulan: "); scanf("%d", &month); if (month==September || month==April || month==June || month==November ) { printf("30 hari\n"); } else if (month==February) { printf("28 atau 29 hari\n"); } else { printf("31 hari\n"); } return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2;

  30. Example: months.c int main() { int month; printf("Masukanjmlhharidlmsebulan: "); scanf("%d", &month); if (month==September || month==April || month==June || month==November ) { printf("30 hari\n"); } else if (month==February) { printf("28 atau 29 hari\n"); } else { printf("31 hari\n"); } return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • each leap year. • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2; “Default” block.

  31. Example: months.c int main() { int month; printf(“Masukanjmlhharidlmsebulan:"); scanf("%d", &month); if (month==September || month==April || month==June || month==November ) { printf("30 hari\n"); } else if (month==February) { printf("28 atau 29 hari\n"); } else { printf("31 hari\n"); } return 0; } • #include <stdio.h> • /*************************\ • Menentukanjumlahharidalamsebulan : • 30 adalah September, • April, June dan November. • Sisanya 31, • kecuali February , • ada 28 dan 29 pd thnkabisat (leap year). • \*************************/ • const int September = 9; • const int April = 4; • const int June = 6; • const int November = 11; • const int February = 2;

  32. Catatan pada Cascaded if if (letter >= ’a’) { printf(“S1\n”); } else if (letter <= ’z’) { printf(“S2\n”); } else if (letter >= ’A’) { printf(“S3\n”); } else if (letter <= ’Z’) { printf(“S4\n”); } Q: • Apa output-nya jika: • huruf sama dengan ‘b’ • huruf sama dengan‘z’ • huruf sama dengan‘A’ • huruf sama dengan‘X’

  33. Contoh lain if (ch >= ’a’ && ch <= ’z’) { printf(“%c is in lower case.\n”, ch); } else if (ch >= ’A’ && ch <= ’Z’) { printf(“%c is in upper case.\n”. ch); } else if (ch >= ’0’ && ch <= ’9’) { printf(“%c is a digit with value %d.\n”, ch, ch - ’0’); }

  34. More Examples if (ch >= ’a’ && ch <= ’z’) { printf(“%c is in lower case.\n”, ch); } else if (ch >= ’A’ && ch <= ’Z’) { printf(“%c is in upper case.\n”. ch); } else if (ch >= ’0’ && ch <= ’9’) { printf(“%c is a digit with value %d.\n”, ch, ch - ’0’); }

  35. Contoh: Nested if if ( coldWeather ) { wearJumper = 1; wearRaincoat = wearJacket = wearThermal = 0; if ( raining ) wearRaincoat = 1; else wearJacket = 1; if ( belowZero ) { wearThermal = 1; } }

  36. contoh: Nested if if ( coldWeather ) { wearJumper = 1; wearRaincoat = wearJacket = wearThermal = 0; if ( raining ) wearRaincoat = 1; else wearJacket = 1; if ( belowZero ) { wearThermal = 1; } }

  37. contoh: Nested if if ( coldWeather ) { wearJumper = 1; wearRaincoat = wearJacket = wearThermal = 0; if ( raining ) wearRaincoat = 1; else wearJacket = 1; if ( belowZero ) { wearThermal = 1; } }

  38. contoh: Nested if if ( coldWeather ) { wearJumper = 1; wearRaincoat = wearJacket = wearThermal = 0; if ( raining ) wearRaincoat = 1; else wearJacket = 1; if ( belowZero ) { wearThermal = 1; } }

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