Chapter 19

1. Chapter 19 Effects of Technology

2. Lesson 1 How does technology affect our lives?

3. How does technology affect our lives? • People use technology to make their lives more comfortable and productive. But using technology to solve one problem can cause a different problem. • TECHNOLOGY is the knowledge, processes, and products that we use to solve problems and make our work easier.

4. Technology can hurt… Some products of technology can hurt people, animals, and plants. Motor vehicle emissions, industrial waste, and insecticides can be harmful. Many countries like the United States face problems with air, water, soil and noise pollution.

5. It’s not all bad… • New technology changes the way people do their jobs. In many cases, machines now do the jobs people once did. This can be a good thing because machines can now do jobs that were once dangerous for people. • New technology can lead to many new jobs.

6. Technology and Materials • Materials that are not found in nature have come our way because of technology. • Inline skates and gear are made from different materials such as plastic, metal, rubber, and nylon. (Some of these items are made from natural resources and some are made from materials that people have MADE from natural resources).

7. Examples • Iron ore (a natural resource), is heated to make the steel for the bearings, screws, and axles. To make these parts, liquid metal is poured into different molds. • Plastic is made from chemicals, then its shaped into shoe parts, buckles, and protective gear. • Nylon (a type of plastic)-elbow and knee pads. • Cloth- polyester (made by people from chemicals or recycled plastic materials)

8. Controlling waste Some companies make waste and pollution as they manufacture items for use. Many companies are working to make products out of things that will decompose (break down and become part of the earth again). Some things cannot break down because they were made by people and not a part of nature. (That’s why we should recycle plastic, glass, aluminum, and other materials that are a result of technology!

9. Technology and Medicine • Medical technology has changed the tools that are used to treat illnesses and injuries. (Instead of sharp knives, now doctors can use lasers) • Doctors often use tools with OPTICAL FIBERS (very thin tubes that allow light to pass through them). • Doctors use cameras with optical fibers to see inside the body without making a big cut.

10. Xrays • Machines that help doctors determine what is wrong are a great step forward in medicine. (x-rays) • In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X rays. (In science the “X” stands for the unknown) • For the first time, doctors saw inside the body without touching it! • Today, doctors use NMR technology (nuclear magnetic resonance) to identify the chemical makeup of matter. They can also use MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to learn about things that don’t show up on X rays. (they can see what’s happening inside blood vessels)

11. Lesson 2 How has technology changed communication and transportation?

12. Communication • Communication is the process of sending any type of message from one place to another. • We communicate to have our needs met and stay safe and well. • We also communicate to interact with people. (You may use speech or writing) • Good communication takes 3 things! • You must send a message. • The message must be received. • The message must be understood.

13. Examples of Communication • Ink and paper (writing) • Phone (speech) • Camera (photography) Can you think of any other ways?

14. Telecommunication(communication that is done electronically) • Communication paired with electricity completely changed the way of life in the 19 century. • Messages that used to take several days or even weeks, now arrived in just seconds. • In time, people could talk from one continent to another. • Today, many forms of communication take only a split second to reach hundreds of people.

15. Telecommunication • Telecommunication are communications that are done electronically. • A transmitter sends out a signal with information. • The signal travels to a receiver. • The receiver turns that signal back into a clear message. (communication satellites send telephone, radio, TV and other signals from one part of Earth to another)

16. Transportation Systems • Transportation systems move people and goods from place to place. • Most transportation systems use a vehicle. • A vehicle carries the people and the goods. (cars, trucks, trains, ships, planes, and rockets) • Vehicles move on roadways, railways, waterways, and through airways. • Long trips that once took days or weeks may now only take hours.

17. Today’s Transportation • Today’s transportation systems often use computer technology. Computers keep systems running properly and on time. • Space transportation systems use computer technology, too. • Scientists use computers and computer models to solve problems of great distances, weightlessness, and airlessness.

18. TIMELINE 1807: Robert Fulton builds the Clermont. It is the first steamboat that carries passengers.

19. TIMELINE 1869: The transcontinental railroad across the U.S. links the east and west. The railroad is completed at Promontory, Utah. The last spike is made of gold.

20. TIMELINE 1890s: Electric trolley streetcars begin to replace horse-drawn trolleys for public transportation in cities.

21. TIMELINE 1903: Bicycle makers Orville and Wilbur Wright build a powered airplane. Orville flies 120 feet in 12 seconds.

22. TIMELINE 1914: Henry Ford’s factory mass produces automobiles. More people can afford to own a car.

23. TIMELINE 1937: British Inventor Sir Frank Whittle builds the first successful jet engine.

24. TIMELINE 1959: Transcontinental jet service connects New York City and Los Angeles.

25. TIMELINE 1964: High speed electric “bullet trains” begin operating in Japan.

26. TIMELINE 1980: Articulated buses carry passengers in cities in North America.

27. TIMELINE 2004: In Shanghai, China, the world’s first commercial maglev rail system begins operating.