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Close Reading

Close Reading. …Contain your excitement…. What is Close Reading?. Exciting! Challenging! Enthralling! Fun! It’s a bit like textual analysis…. But You’ll Never Succeed if Your Attitude Stinks!. COPY. The Breakdown (for the questions, not your brain…). UNDERSTANDING CONTEXT OWN WORDS

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Close Reading

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  1. Close Reading …Contain your excitement…

  2. What is Close Reading? • Exciting! • Challenging! • Enthralling! • Fun! It’s a bit like textual analysis…

  3. But You’ll Never Succeed if Your Attitude Stinks!

  4. COPY The Breakdown (for the questions, not your brain…) UNDERSTANDING • CONTEXT • OWN WORDS ANALYSIS • IMAGERY • WORD CHOICE • SENTENCE STRUCTURE • TONE • CONTRAST • LINKING EVALUATION • EFFECTIVE FINAL PARAGRAPH COPY COPY

  5. COPY Learning Intentions • To understand the difference between understanding, analysis and evaluation questions. • To learn how to answer two types of understanding question. COPY

  6. Question Types (You should already be acquainted with…) • UNDERSTANDING – What is the author saying? • ANALYSIS – How does the writer put their point across? (Techniques) • EVALUATION – How effective is the author in getting their point across?

  7. In dumb people terms… • UNDERSTANDING Do you get it? • ANALYSIS How did they do that?! • EVALUATION Do you think it worked well?

  8. Which is Which? “Sheldon’s hatred of stupid people burned with the fire of a thousand suns!” 1) How does the author make it clear that Sheldon dislikes unintelligent people? 2) How effective is the author’s use of imagery? 3) What is Sheldon’s attitude toward stupid people?

  9. All We Need is a Little Understanding Two Types • Context – explain what a given word means by looking at the text around it for clues. • Own Words – that’s the one where using quotes gets you killed. (Consider your mind blown…)

  10. Context Questions • What are they looking for? • The meaning of a word or phrase that is provided in the question. • Proof that you can work out what that word or phrase means by using clues from the text.

  11. COPY Context Success Criteria Two steps to victory! • Quote the word or phrase and state what it means. (1 mark) • Explain how you figured it out using the passage. (1 mark)

  12. For Science! Err, English… • Here comes an example! She was five years old, due to start school in three months time. It was a torrid, but beautiful day and she was playing between the film of shimmering heat. It was the kind of heat that could wear a mere mortal down his bare bones. Show how the context helped you work out the meaning of the word “torrid” (2).

  13. Figure it Out! • What are the clues? • She was five years old, due to start school in three months time. It was a torrid, but beautiful day and she was playing between the film of shimmering heat. It was the kind of heat that could wear a mere mortal down his bare bones.

  14. Okay! What do you think ‘torrid’ means? (Sheldon will attempt to send you the answer via his amazing psychic ability…)

  15. Step Numbero Uno • Quote the word and state what it means. • ‘Torrid’ means extreme and uncomfortable heat. Oh look! A mark! -> 1 mark

  16. Step Duex • Explain how the passage helped you to work it out. The author refers to “shimmering heat”, which conveys how extreme the temperature was, and how it created a heatwave. 1 mark

  17. Full Answer • ‘Torrid’ means extreme and uncomfortable heat. The author refers to “shimmering heat”, which conveys how extreme the temperature was, and how it created a heatwave. 2 marks

  18. Your Turn! “I seem finally to be learning what you were always trying to teach me, that my own country is exotic and even as perilous as Algeria. It is impossible to survive it without a good mind and a fully functioning gun.” Show how the context helped you work out the meaning of the word “perilous” (2). (Use your criteria!)

  19. Seek the Clues! “I seem finally to be learning what you were always trying to teach me, that my own country is exotic and even as perilous as Algeria. It is impossible to survive it without a good mind and a fully functioning gun.” “…impossible to survive it without a good mind and a fully functioning gun.”

  20. Write Your Answer! • ‘Perilous’ means… dangerous. • The author refers to the fact that you must possess a “fully functioning gun” in order to stay alive and protect yourself. 2 marks

  21. Answer in Your Own Words In these questions, you are being asked to summarise/paraphrase what the writer has said. You must use your own words as far as possible.

  22. QUOTES ARE THE ENEMY!

  23. Worth the Effort • Around half of the questions in the paper will ask you to answer in your own words. Quoting will lose the marks!

  24. COPY Own Words Success Criteria..? • Put the author’s idea into your own words. • DO NOT quote from the passage.

  25. Here Comes the Example! Glasgow is a city which has experienced constant change and adaptation, from its period as a great industrial city and as the Second City of Empire, to its latter day reinvention as the City of Culture and the Second City of Shopping. This is a city with pull, buzz, excitement, and a sense of style and its own importance. It has a potent international reach and influence. Glasgow’s story continually weaves in and out of a global urban tapestry: following the trade threads of Empire... 1. Explain why, according to the writer, Glasgow was an important world city in the past (2)

  26. Pick Out the Important Parts What do you have to understand?

  27. Glasgow is a city which has experienced constant change and adaptation, from its period as a great industrial city and as the Second City of Empire, to its latter day reinvention as the City of Culture and the Second City of Shopping. This is a city with pull, buzz, excitement, and a sense of style and its own importance. It has a potent international reach and influence. Glasgow’s story continually weaves in and out of a global urban tapestry: following the trade threads of Empire...

  28. The question is asking why Glasgow was an important city in the past. Thus, the most important pieces of information that you need to pick out and understand are: “...its period as a great industrial city and as the Second City of Empire...” “...following the trade threads of Empire...”

  29. The Answer For two marks you would need to have two of the following (or something similar): • 1. it was very important for industry/ manufacture. • 2. it was second only to London as a symbol of the British Empire. • 3. It was important for international commerce.

  30. “We all travelled light, taking with us only what we considered to be the bare essentials of life.” Q. The family “travelled light”, in your own word explain what they took with them.

  31. Laughably Easy? Sheldon thinks so! … And he’s a scientist! All you need is a little practice!

  32. Can you identify the question? • By looking at the context of the paragraph, explain how the writer helps you understand what ‘disenfranchised’ means. • In your own words, explain why the author thinks that bears are not dangerous. • What does ‘ambivalent’ mean? Use the surrounding sentences to help you? • Why does Dean think that Billy is unhappy? Answer in your own words. • Explain the writer’s use of parenthesis in line 14. This one is on sentence structure.

  33. Next Please! Bring on the Imagery!

  34. Imagery – getting the picture! What is an image? • An image is a picture that the writer tries to create through words. • As readers we try to see what the image is. • The picture is formed inside your head. (Or maybe on paper if you happen to be doodling at the time!) How is the image created? • The writer uses words and figures of speech to create the image. • Images are created because we associate ideas with particular words. • The writer could use comparisons (similes, metaphors) to create an image.

  35. COPY Success Criteria • (QUOTE) • State the Technique • Say what is being compared to what • Say what they have in common

  36. Attack of the Obvious • The most likely techniques that will come up in imagery questions are: • Simile – comparing one thing to another by using ‘like’ or ‘as’. • Metaphor – comparing one thing to another by saying that it is that thing. “He was dynamite on the dancefloor.”

  37. Similies – think ‘similar’ • “All eyes on my, in the centre of the room just like a circus.” • “Your love is like a rollercoaster.” • “I’m feeling so fly like a G6.” • “You’re as cuddly as a cactus, you’re as charming as an eel.” • “You change your mind like a girl changes clothes.”

  38. Metaphors • “You paint me a blue sky and go back and turn it to rain.“ • “You shoot me down but I won’t fall, I am titanium.” • “’Cause baby you’re a firework, come on show them what you’re worth.” • “You are the thunder, I am the lightning.” • “You’re my kryptonite!”

  39. REMEMBER: ‘Just as… so too…’ ‘Teaching is somewhat like banging one’s head against a wall…’ Technique: Simile Comparison: Teaching/ Hitting your head against a wall. ‘Just as hitting your head against a wall is painful and pointless, so too teaching in a frustrating and fruitless endeavour.’

  40. One Good-Looking Answer ‘Teaching is somewhat like banging one’s head against a wall…’ ‘A simile is used to compare teaching to banging your head against a wall. The writer claims that just as hitting your head against a wall is painful and pointless, so too teaching is a frustrating and fruitless endeavour.’

  41. Try This on for Size ‘The traders at my stall were like vultures round a carcase.’

  42. ‘The traders at my stall were like vultures round a carcase.’ Technique: Simile Comparison: Vultures/ Traders at the stall ‘Just as vultures crowd round a carcass to feed, tearing at the flesh of the animal, so too the traders at the stall to grab the best wares for themselves.’ ‘A simile is used to compare the traders at the stall to vultures. Just as vultures crowd round a carcass to feed, tearing at the flesh of the animal, so too the traders huddle at the stall to grab the best wares for themselves.’

  43. A little of the Perry • “’Cause baby you’re a firework, come on show them what you’re worth.” • Technique: • Comparison: • “Just as… So…”

  44. It’s not romantic… Ask Superman. • “You’re my kryptonite!” • Technique: • Comparison: • “Just as… So…”

  45. Word Choice Carefully selected for your bewilderment.

  46. REMEMBER! • You must be aware of the difference between the denotation and the connotation of a word. • Denotation= the dictionary definition of a word. • Connotation= all the secondary meanings associated with a word.

  47. For example, Denotation of the word “home”= the place where someone lives and sleeps. Connotation of the word “home”= a place of warmth, safety and security.

  48. COPY Word Choice Success Criteria • 1. Identify the word or phrase. • 2. Note the connotations. • 3. Explain the effect of the word. Explain what the writer is trying to tell us.

  49. Example 1: “Oil prices have rocketed in recent years.” Now write a full answer to the question How effective is the use of the word “rocketed” in the sentence above?

  50. Example 2: “The precious secret was unearthed - a glittering nugget - that was to prove invaluable.” Now write a full answer to the question Comment on the effectiveness of the imagery in the sentence above?

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