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Open Books to Page 210

Background: In the past, you may have learned about the Han Dynasty, which ruled China from 206 B.C. to A.D. 220. As you may recall, China often had conflicts with enemy invaders from the northwest. One group of those invaders was the Xiongnu (shyung•noo).

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Open Books to Page 210

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  1. Background: In the past, you may have learned about the Han Dynasty, which ruled China from 206 B.C. to A.D. 220. As you may recall, China often had conflicts with enemy invaders from the northwest. One group of those invaders was the Xiongnu (shyung•noo). When the Han Dynasty fell, China broke apart into smaller kingdoms. The lack of a strong central government to organize defenses put China in greater danger from invaders. As you read the following story, imagine you are living during those dangerous times. Open Books to Page 210

  2. You are a Chinese merchant in A.D. 311. You’re very proud of the city where you live—Luoyang (lwoh•yahng). Your grandfather told you that the city used to be the Han capital. It still has palaces and temples. Students from all over the country flock to the university there. Hundreds of thousands of people live in Luoyang. The walled city has survived tough times, such as peasant revolts, civil wars, and even the fall of a dynasty. Since the Han Dynasty fell, Luoyang has had many different governments. Some of your friends wonder who is going to rule your city next, but you’re too busy to worry about it. You tell your friends, “Rulers come and go, but merchants and farmers make sure that life goes on.” Most of the time, you go about your daily work and never think about the government at all. Today, while you are selling porcelain in the market, you hear pounding hooves and shrill screams down the street. A man shouts, “Xiongnu!” Your heart leaps in terror. The Xiongnu are fierce nomadic warriors on horseback who have attacked China many times in the past. Now they have broken through the city’s walls! WHISH! An arrow flies by your head. You duck under the table holding your porcelain. Delicate teapots and bowls crash to the ground and shatter. Quickly, you crawl away and run down an alley until you see an outhouse. You crawl into the sewage pit and hide there all night. The stench is terrible. The next day, you learn that the Xiongnu have killed thousands of people and destroyed your beautiful city. It looks like a garbage dump. Instead of riding away, the Xiongnu have decided to stay and start a new dynasty. Homework Assignment The Fall of Louyang Using Pages 210-211 1. Draw and color a picture that represents what you think is happening in this story. 2. Underneath or on another sheet of paper write a paragraph describing what is happening to China. 3. Write another paragraph describing what you think will happen to China under the rule of the Xiongnu.

  3. Reunifying China Terms and Names / Vocabulary Define the terms and names. Pgs 213 - 216 • 1. nomad • 2. Confucianism • 3. Buddhism • 4. Daoism • 5. reunify For the terms below use Pgs 223 - 229 • 6. imperial • 7. bureaucracy • 8. scholar-official • 9. wood-block printing • 10. movable type

  4. Terms and Names Define the terms and names. Pgs 223-229 • 1. imperial • 2. bureaucracy • 3. scholar-official • 4. wood-block printing • 5. movable type Means anything relating to an empire. A system of governing that has many departments responsible for government business. A person who passed the state exam for a government position. A printing system in which printers carved out wooden blocks with enough characters to print entire pages. A small block of metal or wood with a single letter used for printing books.

  5. Terms and Names Define the terms and names. Pgs 213-216 • 3. nomad • 4. Confucianism • 5. Buddhism • 6. Daoism • 7. reunify Person who moves from place to place Belief system based on the ideas of Confucius Indian religion based on the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama Belief system that seeks harmony with nature and with inner feelings To bring a group together after it has been divided

  6. Open Books to Page 213 Reunifying China Map of China

  7. The Han Dynasty • China enjoyed progress and prosperity during • the Han Dynasty.

  8. Fall of the Han Dynasty 2. After the Han Dynasty fell, various kingdoms fought among themselves.

  9. 3. The invasion by Xiongnu nomads led to a time of great disorder.

  10. 4. Food shortages also occurred after the fall of Han Dynasty.

  11. 5. China endured more than 350 years of chaos and conflict after the fall of the Han Dynasty.

  12. Cause Effect The Breakup of China Political Problems • Fighting among the • people of China Event 2. Invasions by nomads like the Xiongnu Fall of Han Dynasty Social Struggles 3. Starving (famine), floods, droughts Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor No government

  13. Cycle of Chinese Dynasties 6. Chinese Dynasties rose and fell many times. 7. A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family.

  14. Don’t copy the questions, just answers. Question 1. (Read page 213.) What circumstances led people to conclude that Han dynasty might have lost the Mandate of Heaven? Question 2. (Read the Fall of Luoyang on page 211 again.) At what step of dynastic cycle is the Han Dynasty at the time of the story? Explain why you think so. Open Books to Page 218 Question 3. What should the Han Dynasty do to regain the Mandate of Heaven again?

  15. The Sui Dynasty 8. The Sui (sway) Dynasty was started by Yang Jian when he killed his grandson and 59 other royal princes.

  16. Yang Jian was later called Wendi Sui Dynasty lasted from 581 AD to 618 AD. 9. Yang Jian brought order to China by establishing a strong central government which made the Chinese feel more united.

  17. 10. Wendi brought back old political traditions that reminded the Chinese of their great past. Wendi also accepted a robe with red sash. As a custom red doors were given to Chinese emperors.

  18. Buddha Laozi Confucius 11. Wendi allowed people to follow their own beliefs.

  19. 12. Wendi, and all later emperors, followed Confucius’ belief that a government had to be built on the skill of its’ people. A person had to be pass an exam to work at a government job. Qualified government workers were called scholar officials.

  20. Question 1. At this point, (Notes 8 -12) the Sui Dynasty is at which step? Why? Question 1. Step 1 or 6 because the emperor is giving rights to the People and allowing them to practice their own religion.

  21. 13. Wendi began public works projects such as building the Grand Canal and rebuilding portions of the Great Wall.

  22. 14. To pay for the building projects, the emperor raised taxes. Raising taxes, made the Chinese people unhappy and angry.

  23. Question 2. At this point (Notes 13-14), the Sui Dynasty is at which step? Why? Question 2. Step 2 because the emperor’s raised taxes making the Chinese people angry.

  24. 15. Thousands of peasants died building the Grand Canal and repairing the Great Wall of China.

  25. 3. At this point (Note 15), the Sui Dynasty is in which step? Why? Question 4. Which step is next? Why?

  26. 16. The Sui Dynasty came to an end when the people revolted against the government.

  27. Philosophies and Religions of China Pages 214 to 216 Confucius Buddha Laozi

  28. Buddhism Suffering is part of life. Suffering is part of life. The reason people suffer is that they are too attached to material possessions and selfish ideas. By living in a wise, moral, and thoughtful way, people can eventually learn to lessen suffering.

  29. Daoism Harmony with Inner Feelings Harmony with Nature

  30. Tang Confucianism Respect family and older generations. Use relations correctly to produce social order. Respect family and older generations. Educate Individuals and society. Act in morally correct ways.

  31. Song Confucianism This morality can be achieved through education. Morality is the highest goal a person can reach. Education can occur through books observation, or interaction with other wise people. Greatly influenced by Buddhism.

  32. Open Books to Pgs 218-219 Tang Dynasty 1st Tang Emperor Gaozu and his son Taizong Empress Wu Zhao Emperor Xuanzong (shwahn zung) Assignment: Give two examples of how each of the above emperors helped the Tang Dynasty gain the Mandate of Heaven (Step 1 in the Dynastic Cycle.)

  33. Open Books to Pgs 218-219 He took land from the rich and gave it to the peasants. She started the reconquest of Korea. Encouraged poetry and fine arts. He did not overburden peasants with taxes. She was emperor until she was 80 years old. Ruled for more than 40 years. Q2. How do you think the Tang Dynasty will come to an end? (Use the Dynastic Cycle on page 218 to help you explain your answer.) Q3. Which Dynasty came to power after the fall of the Tang Dynasty? (Use page 224)

  34. Advances During the Tang and Song Dynasty • Tang rulers created a legal • code so that the same laws • would be used everywhere • in China. Law Code

  35. 2. The Tang dynasty used a a bureaucracy to help run China. A bureaucracy is a government that is divided into departments to make governing easier.

  36. 3. The government built many roads and waterways which helped tie China together by improving trade and communication.

  37. 4. The Chinese developed the magnetic compass so that ships could travel on the open seas.

  38. 5. The Chinese invented wood-block printing in which printers carved wooden blocks with letters and pictures large enough to print entire pages. Printing contributed to the spread of learning.

  39. 6. The Chinese invented paper money because metal coins were too heavy and difficult to carry.

  40. 7. The Chinese invented gunpowder which was first used in fireworks.

  41. Question 1. Which achievement do you think had the greatest impact for China and the world? Explain your answer.

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