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History of Life

History of Life. BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College. Dennis Anderson. Earth’s Geological Timescale. The earth is 4.6 billion years old History of the earth is measured in a geological timescale Eras periods. 2. 3. Figure 19.10  Looking at the Oldest Rocks. 4.

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History of Life

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  1. History of Life BIO 1113/1114 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

  2. Earth’s Geological Timescale • The earth is 4.6 billion years old • History of the earth is measured in a geological timescale • Eras • periods 2

  3. 3

  4. Figure 19.10  Looking at the Oldest Rocks 4

  5. Figure 19.4  Revealing Layers 5

  6. How Did Life Begin? • Life arose through a chemical process: Simple elements and compounds available on the early Earth came together to produce more complex molecules. • Ultimately, a group of these molecules became capable of self-replication. 6

  7. Figure 19.5  Origins-of-Life Researcher 7

  8. Figure 19.9  Earth's Organisms and How They Evolved Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Kingdom Protista Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi amoebae flowering plants gram- positive foram- inifera vertebrates evergreens methane producers mushrooms purple bacteria flagellates ferns inverte- brates salt lovers dinoflagellates cyano- bacteria mosses hot acid lovers yeast diatoms Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya (Protists, Plants, Animals, Fungi) Universal ancestor 8

  9. Green Algae 9

  10. Bryophyte 10

  11. Seedless Vascular 11

  12. Gymnosperm 12

  13. Angiosperm 13

  14. Figure 19.15  How Plants Evolved Evolution of Plants Seedlessvascular plants Bryophytes Angiosperms Gymnosperms mosses ferns conifers flowering plants Present Cenozoic 100 flowers Mesozoic 200 Millions of years ago 300 seeds vasculartissue 400 Paleozoic Fungi Plantae Protista Bacteria Archaea Animalia movementonto land 500 green algae 14

  15. Arthropod 15

  16. Insect 16

  17. Figure 19.18  Vertebrates onto Land Ray-finned fish Lobe-finned fish Amphibian 17

  18. Transition from Sea to Land

  19. Tiktaalik

  20. Transitional Tetrapods Skull, teeth, limbs similar to lobe-finned fish Acanthostega Ichthyostega 21

  21. Amphibians

  22. Adaptations to live on land • Gills are usually lost • Lungs function • Breathe through skin • Secrete mucus • Prevent dehydration • Aids in respiration

  23. Reptiles • Body covered with scales • Lizards • Snakes • Dinosaurs

  24. Birds • Feathers • No teeth • Scales on legs

  25. Mammals • Hair or fur • Mammary glands

  26. Figure 19.20  How Terrestrial Vertebrates Evolved Evolution of Terrestrial Vertebrates Lobe-finnedfish Amphibians Reptiles Mammals Birds Dinosaurs Present Cenozoic 100 mammaryglands Mesozoic hair 200 300 Millions of years ago amnioticegg movementonto land 400 Paleozoic jawed fish amphioxus sea squirts vertebrates acorn worm 500 ancestralvertebrates 600 invertebrate ancestors 29

  27. Primates • Opposable digits for grasping • Front facing eyes for binocular vision and tree dwelling

  28. 31

  29. Figure 19.23  How Primates Evolved Evolution of Primates Humans Tree shrews New Worldmonkeys Old Worldmonkeys Gorillas Prosimians Orangutans Chimpanzees Present 10 loss oftree-dwellingexistence 20 30 Cenozoic Millions of years ago 40 50 bats primates carnivores tree shrews hedgehogs & moles 60 binocular visionopposable digits 70 tree-dwellingexistence ancestral mammals 32

  30. The End

  31. Western meadowlark & eastern

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