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Germany Facing Agony. Opposition to Hitler gains strength. High-ranked army officers changing their mood. Preparation of plot. Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg. The intentions of conspirators. July 20, 1944 plot and its failure. Hitler’s vengeance on plotters.
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Germany Facing Agony • Opposition to Hitler gains strength. • High-ranked army officers changing their mood. • Preparation of plot. Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg. • The intentions of conspirators. • July 20, 1944 plot and its failure. • Hitler’s vengeance on plotters. • Repressions. Rommel and von Kluge among the executed persons. • Secret weapons.
The Battle of France • Operation “Cobra”. Allies broke through the German defence lines. • German decision to counter-attack at Morten. • Battle for Falaise. Why did Eisenhower and Bradley stop American forces and did not allow them to continue attack on Falaise. • German 7th Army able to retreat with significant losses, but escaped capturing. • Canadians have taken Falaise at last. • Results of battle of Falaise.
Liberation of Paris • Allied offensive towards Paris. • Preparation for uprising in Paris. Tactics of Communists adopted as a principle. • Metro and Police on strike since August 15, followed by Post Office on August 18. • August 19 – beginning of uprising. • Hitler’s order to destroy French Capital. German commandant of Paris Gen. von Choltitz does not obey these orders. • Allies agree on subject to allow French 1st armoured division to be the first unit entering Paris. • Von Choltitz surrenders to Gen. Leclerc – commander of French 1st armoured division and Colonel Rol-Tanguy – leader of Paris uprising – August 25, 1944. • De Gaulle’s triumphal return to Paris – August 26, 1944.
Operation “Dragoon” • Preparations for the landing in Southern France. • Landing – August 15, 1944. • German collapse in the Southern France due to the lack of Forces. • Marseille and Toulon liberated by the allied forces. • Moving forward towards the junction with the main forces of allies. • Front is united – September 11, 1944.
Allied Autumn Offensive • France liberated completely, except Dunkirk. • American and British forces competing with each other who will gain more land in less days. Results nearly the same: Americans 250 miles in 4 days and reaching the “Siegfried Line”, British 300 miles in 5 days and also reaching the “Siegfried Line”. • Antwerp captured (September 4). Port in working conditions but difficulties with opening the mouth of the Scheldt. • Allies preparing for the offensive in Holland. • Operation “Market-Garden” and ill luck of allies: The first part of paratroopers were dropped a few miles to the north, second wave lost their way in fog and made bad landing or went astray; German panzer division happened to be in unexpectedly on the spot; one of officers died in the plane crash and he was found by Germans along with all the plans of operation; bad weather did not allow allies to use the planes on the full scale, etc. • Failure of “Market-Garden” and change of allied plans.
Allied Autumn Offensive • Allies launch attacks towards Ruhr, the “industrial heart” of Germany. • Allies attacking in direction of Alsace. • Delattre de Tassigny’s French first army captures Belfort, Mulhouse, and reaches Rhine. Germans encircled nearby Colmar – “Colmar Pocket”. • Leclerc takes Strasbourg, November 23, 1944 and says: “Now we can die” – reminder of his oath at Kufra (Northern Africa), that he would liberate Paris and Strasbourg until his death. • Allies reaching the “Siegfried Line” with all the forces and Rhine in some places. • Allied preparations to attack on “Siegfried Line”.
