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GLACIAL LANDFORMS SHAPE MOUNTAINS

GLACIAL LANDFORMS SHAPE MOUNTAINS. Surface features subglacial erosional depositional. 1) Glacier travel: Surface features. Crevasses: V-shaped structures found in the uppermost layer of the glacier. WHY? brittle deformation Rarely > 20 m deep. Accumulation area is

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GLACIAL LANDFORMS SHAPE MOUNTAINS

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  1. GLACIAL LANDFORMSSHAPE MOUNTAINS • Surface features • subglacial • erosional • depositional

  2. 1) Glacier travel:Surface features Crevasses: • V-shaped structures found in the uppermost layer of the glacier. WHY? • brittle deformation • Rarely > 20 m deep

  3. Accumulation area is often heavily crevassed Direction of flow New Zealand

  4. Bergschrund: crevasse that separates flowing ice from stagnant ice at the head of a glacier Glacier on Shorong Yul-lha, Nepal

  5. Icefall: steep, cracked and jumbled ice flows over a drop-off - fast moving!!!! Khumbu Ice fall, Everest

  6. Ogives: alternate bands of light and dark ice on a glacier

  7. Séracs: • Ice towers • Formed by intersecting crevasses, • rapid flow • steep slopes Glacier des Bossons, French Alps photo: MH

  8. Penitentes: spiky columns of snow; formed in dry environments Nev. Coropuna, Peruvian Andes

  9. Melt stream: Glacier can have streams on their surface!! Moulins water Very slushy and slippery!!

  10. SUB-GLACIAL STREAMS

  11. ICE CAVE AT BOTTOM OF GLACIER Pastoruri, Peru

  12. EROSIONAL LANDFORMS OVERVIEW

  13. CIRQUE • a semicircular or amphitheater -shaped bedrock feature created as glaciers scour back into the mountain. • This is where the snow and ice forming the glacier first accumulates.

  14. HANGING GLACIER Occur in tributary glaciers, cause spectacular waterfalls

  15. ARÊTE • steep-sided, sharp-edged bedrock ridge formed by • two glaciers eroding away on opposite sides of the ridge

  16. HORN • a pyramid-shaped mountain • peak created by glaciers • eroding away at different sides • of the same mountain.

  17. COL • a low spot or pass along a cirque or an arete.

  18. GLACIAL POLISH Result of abrasion by sand at bottom of glacier

  19. STRIATIONS • result of individual particles embedded in the glacier scratching the underlying bedrock. • lines indicate • the orientation of • glacial flow.

  20. NUNATAK • Peak surrounded by glaciers • but not itself glaciated

  21. TARN • a glacial lake produced by scouring • often found in cirques.

  22. U-shaped valleys • a glacially eroded • valley • large, flat valley • bottom

  23. ROCHE MOUTONNÉE sheepback , or sheep rock large rock knob that resembles a grazing sheep

  24. DEPOSITION LANDFORMS

  25. Moraines • an accumulation of unconsolidated material • deposited by glaciers • unsorted material (different sizes of particles) • particles deposited in moraines • material has angular edges.

  26. TERMINAL OR END MORAINE • deposited at the snout end • of a glacier • marks the furthest advance of • a glacier • caused as a glacier retreats End morraine

  27. LATERAL MORAINE • unconsolidated material • deposited along the • sides of an alpine glacier. Lateral morraine

  28. MEDIAL MORAINE When two alpine glaciers flow together, their lateral moraines join, forming a medial moraine

  29. MORAINES: OVERVIEW Medial Moraine

  30. ERRATICS Large boulders left by glaciers in areas where they obviously don’t belong. Can be 10’s to 100’s of kilometers form point of origin

  31. GLACIER LANDFORMS OVERVIEW

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