Genetics

1. Genetics I.Introduction A.History

2. 1. C.Darwin& A.Wallaceblending 2. G.Mendel& F.Ungermixing 3. W. SuttonChromosomal theory of Inheritance 4. T. Morgan Genes & Chromosomes plus linkage groups

3. 5. A.Sturtevantgenetic mapping 6. F.Griffithhereditary molecule 7. O. Avery etal. DNA hereditary molecule 8. B. McKlintock Transposons

4. 9. W.Fierssequenced viral gene 10. A.JeffreysDNA finger printing 11. 1995Viral DNA sequenced 12. 1996 yeast DNA sequenced 13. 1998 round worm DNA sequenced 14. 2003 human DNA sequenced

5. II.Mendelian A.Experimental Design 1.Monohybrid Cross

6. a. Definition b. Terms i.Self vs.Cross Fertilization ii.Traits vs.Characteristics

7. c. Process

8. c. Process Figure 14.2

9. c. Process Figure 14.3

10. Figure 14.4 d. Principle traits are paired and sorted

11. d. Principle traits are paired and sorted Figure 14.5

12. i.Gene versus Allele e. Terms iii.Dominance versus Recessive iv.Genotype versus Phenotype ii. Homozygous versus Heterozygous

13. Figure 14.6

14. f. Testcross Figure 14.7

15. f. Testcross

16. 2.Dihybrid Cross

17. a. Definition b. Process Start by figuring out how many andtype of gametes Figure 14.8

18. Practice Dihybrid Heterozygous cross = AaBb X AaBb Gametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab for both Phenotypic ratio= 9:3:3:1, Genotypic ratio= 1:1:2:2:4:2:2:1:1 Dihybrid Heterozygous cross Homozygous Dominant = AaBb X AABB Gametes AaBb = AB, Ab, aB, & ab; AABB= AB only Phenotypic ratio = all dominant, Genotypic ratio = 1:1:1:1 c. Principle Each pair of alleles and chromosomessort independently into gametes.

19. III.Variation on Mendel A.Dominance

20. 1. Complete 2. Co-dominance AA aa Aa

21. 3. Incomplete dominance Figure 14.10

22. B.Gene Interactions

23. 1. Multiple Alleles

24. 2. Pleitrophy 3. Penetrance

25. C.Beyond Mendel

26. 1. Epistasis

27. 2. Polygenic Figure 14.11

28. 2. Polygenic Figure 14.12

29. IV.Classical Genetics A.History

30. 1. R.Punnet& W.Bateson??? Figure 14.9

31. 2. T. Morgan Genes & Chromosomes, Karyotyping, plus linkage groups a. Drosophila melangastor WHY? Figure 15.3

32. Figure 15.4

33. b. Genetic Recombination

34. b. Genetic Recombination Figure 15.5

35. b. Genetic Recombination

36. 3. A. Sturtevant Genetic Mapping Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together Figure 15.6

37. 3. A. Sturtevant Genetic Mapping Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together Figure 15.7

38. 3. A. Sturtevant Genetic Mapping Based on frequency of expression of traits showing together Figure 15.8

39. B.Sex Linkage

40. 1. Basis of SEX

41. 1. Basis of SEX Figure 15.9

42. 1. SEX linked inheritance Figure 15.9

43. a. Barr Bodies Figure 15.11

45. V.Detection of Problems A.Techniques

46. 1. Karyotyping 2. Amniocentesis == Cellular and Chemical Analysis Figure 14.17

47. 3. Ultrasound 4. Chorionic Villi Sampling == Cellular and Chemical Analysis Figure 14.17

48. 5. Fetal Tissue Sampling

49. 6. Pedigree Analysis Figure 14.14

50. 6. Pedigree Analysis