1 / 25

Chapter 28 Lesson 2

Chapter 28 Lesson 2. Common Infectious Diseases. Respiratory Infections.

whitby
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 28 Lesson 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 28 Lesson 2 Common Infectious Diseases

  2. Respiratory Infections • Common Cold is also known as the Rhinovirus. There are over 100 different types of Rhinovirus. It is a viral infection meaning it has no known cure. The Rhino virus thrives at temperatures between 91-95 degrees Farenhiet!!! • Causes inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nose and throat. • Most colds are contracted by breathing in virus-containing droplets that have been sneezed or coughed out by an infected person. • Another method of transmission is rubbing the eyes or nose with fingers that have picked up the virus. • Most colds clear up within 7-10 days.

  3. Influenza • Also known as the FLU. It is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. It is also contracted as the same method as the Rhinovirus but more severe symptoms than the cold. • This years flu vaccinations will protect you against the (3) main types of flu the Center for Disease Control feel will be common this flu season.

  4. 2012-2013 Possible Common Flu Viruses • The upcoming season's flu vaccine will protect against the three influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common during the season. This includes an influenza A (H1N1) virus, an influenza A (H3N2) virus, and an influenza B virus.

  5. Influenza A (H3N2) Variant Virus Outbreaks • Since July 2012, there have been outbreaks of H3N2 variant viruses with the matrix (M) gene from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus in multiple U.S. states. Investigations into H3N2v cases indicate that the main risk factor for infection is prolonged exposure to pigs, mostly in fair settings. Found in U.S. pigs in 2010 and humans in July 2011, this virus appears to spread more easily from pigs to people than other variant viruses. Though limited person-to-person spread with this virus has occurred, no sustained community spread of H3N2v has been detected at this time. Associated illness so far has been mostly mild with symptoms similar to seasonal flu and most cases have occurred in children who have little immunity against this virus.

  6. Influenza A (H3N2) CONTINUED • Like seasonal flu, however, serious illness, resulting in hospitalization and death is possible. People at high risk of serious complications from H3N2v include children younger than 5, people with certain chronic conditions like asthma, diabetes, heart disease, weakened immune systems, pregnant women and people 65 years and older. These people are urged to avoid pigs and pig arenas at fairs this season. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working with states to respond to these outbreaks and continues to monitor the situation closely.

  7. Tuberculosis • Highly contagious bacterial infection that most affects the lungs. • Spread by airborne droplets of coughing and sneezing. • In the United States, most people will recover from primary TB infection without further evidence of the disease. The infection may stay inactive (dormant) for years. However, in some people it can reactivate.

  8. Strep Throat • A bacterial infection of the throat. • It is an infection with a germ called Group A Streptococcus bacteria • Spread by droplets coughed or breathed into the air or by coming in contact with someones saliva, usually through kissing or drinking after someone.

  9. Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System • Encephalitis – Inflammation of the brain, usually and most often caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. • Encephalitis is a rare condition. It occurs more often in the first year of life and decreases with age. The very young and the elderly are more likely to have a severe case. • Causes - • Breathing in respiratory droplets from an infected person • Contaminated food or drink • Mosquito, tick, and other insect bites • Skin contact

  10. More Infectious Diseases of the N.S. • Meningitis – Inflammation of the meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord. • Meningitis can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection with the bacterial type causing DEATH if not treated quickly. • The most common causes of meningitis are viral infections that usually get better without treatment. However, bacterial meningitis infections are extremely serious, and may result in death or brain damage, even if treated quickly. • Meningitis may also be caused by: • Chemical irritation • Drug allergies • Fungi • Tumors

  11. Poliomyelitis • More commonly known as Polio. Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. • Poliomyelitis is a disease caused by infection with the poliovirus. The virus spreads by: • Direct person-to-person contact • Contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth • Contact with infected feces • The virus enters through the mouth and nose, multiplies in the throat and intestinal tract, and then is absorbed and spread through the blood and lymph system. The time from being infected with the virus to developing symptoms of disease (incubation) ranges from 5 - 35 days (average 7 - 14 days).

  12. Polio Continued……. • Between 1840 and the 1950s, polio was a worldwide epidemic. Since the development of polio vaccines, by Jonas Salk in 1952 and Albert Sabin in 1957, the incidence of the disease has been greatly reduced. Polio has been wiped out in a number of countries. There have been very few cases of polio in the Western hemisphere since the late 1970s. Children in the United States are now routinely vaccinated against the disease. • Outbreaks still occur in the developed world, usually in groups of people who have not been vaccinated. Polio often occurs after someone travels to a region where the disease is common. As a result of a massive, global vaccination campaign over the past 20 years, polio exists only in a few countries in Africa and Asia.

  13. Measles • Highly contagious viral disease. • The infection is spread by contact with droplets from the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. Sneezing and coughing can put contaminated droplets into the air. • Those who have had an active measles infection or who have been vaccinated against the measles have immunity to the disease. • Some parents do not let their children get vaccinated because of unfounded fears that the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, can cause autism. Large studies of thousands of children have found no connection between this vaccine and autism. Not vaccinating children can lead to outbreaks of a measles, mumps, and rubella -- all of which are potentially serious diseases of childhood.

  14. MEASLES on baby

  15. Mononucleosis • Also known as Monoor kissing disease. • Mono is a viral infection causing fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands, especially in the neck. • It is often spread by saliva and close contact. It is known as "the kissing disease," and occurs most often in those age 15 to 17. However, the infection may develop at any age. • Mono is usually linked to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but can also be caused by other organisms such as cytomegalovirus (CMV).

  16. Epstein-Barr Virus • Epstein-Barr virus, frequently referred to as EBV, is a member of the herpes virus family and one of the most common human viruses. The virus occurs worldwide, and most people become infected with EBV sometime during their lives. In the United States, as many as 95% of adults between 35 and 40 years of age have been infected. • There is no specific treatment for infectious mononucleosis, other than treating the symptoms. No antiviral drugs or vaccines are available. Some physicians have prescribed a 5-day course of steroids to control the swelling of the throat and tonsils. The use of steroids has also been reported to decrease the overall length and severity of illness, but these reports have not been published.

  17. Cytomegalovirus • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the herpes viruses. This group of viruses includes the herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus (which causes chickenpox and shingles), and Epstein-Barr virus (which causes infectious mononucleosis, also known as mono). CMV is a common infection that is usually harmless. Once CMV is in a person's body, it stays there for life. Among every 100 adults in the United States, 50–80 are infected with CMV by the time they are 40 years old.

  18. Hepatitis • Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation of the liver. It is not a condition, but is often used to refer to a viral infection of the liver. • Hepatitis can be caused by: • Immune cells in the body attacking the liver and causing autoimmune hepatitis • Infections from viruses (such as hepatitis A, B, or C), bacteria, or parasites • Liver damage from alcohol, poisonous mushrooms, or other poisons • Medications, such as an overdose of acetaminophen, which can be deadly

  19. Hepatitis A • The Hepatitis A virus is found mostly in the stools and blood of an infected person about 15 - 45 days before symptoms occur and during the first week of illness. • You can catch hepatitis A if: • You eat or drink food or water that has been contaminated by stools (feces) containing the hepatitis A virus (fruits, vegetables, shellfish, ice, and water are common sources of the hepatitis A virus) • You come in contact with the stool or blood of a person who currently has the disease • A person with hepatitis A does not wash his or her hands properly after going to the bathroom and touches other objects or food • You participate in sexual practices that involve oral-anal contact • About 3,600 cases of hepatitis A are reported each year. Because not everyone has symptoms with hepatitis A infection, many more people are infected than are diagnosed or reported. • Risk factors include: • International travel, especially to Asia or South or Central America • IV drug use • Living in a nursing home or rehabilitation center • Working in a health care, food, or sewage industry

  20. Hepatitis B • Hepatitis B infection can be spread through having contact with the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other body fluids of someone who already has a hepatitis B infection. • Infection can be spread through: • Blood transfusions (not common in the United States) • Direct contact with blood in health care settings • Sexual contact with an infected person • Tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles or instruments • Shared needles during drug use • Shared personal items (such as toothbrushes, razors, and nail clippers) with an infected person • The hepatitis B virus can be passed to an infant during childbirth if the mother is infected. • Risk factors for hepatitis B infection include: • Being born, or having parents who were born in regions with high infection rates (including Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean) • Being infected with HIV • Being on hemodialysis • Having multiple sex partners • Men having sex with men • Most of the damage from the hepatitis B virus occurs because of the way the body responds to the infection. When the body's immune system detects the infection, it sends out special cells to fight it off. However, these disease-fighting cells can lead to liver inflammation. • HEPATITIS B now has a vaccine!!!

  21. Hepatitis C • Hepatitis C infection is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). People who may be at risk for hepatitis C are those who: • Have been on long-term kidney dialysis • Have regular contact with blood at work (for instance, as a health care worker) • Have unprotected sexual contact with a person who has hepatitis C (this risk is much less common than hepatitis B, but the risk is higher for those who have many sex partners, already have a sexually transmitted disease, or are infected with HIV) • Inject street drugs or share a needle with someone who has hepatitis C • Received a blood transfusion before July 1992 • Received a tattoo or acupuncture with contaminated instruments (the risk is very low with licensed, commercial tattoo facilities) • Received blood, blood products, or solid organs from a donor who has hepatitis C • Share personal items such as toothbrushes and razors with someone who has hepatitis C (less common) • Were born to a hepatitis C-infected mother (this occurs in about 1 out of 20 babies born to mothers with HCV, which is much less common than with hepatitis B)

More Related