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Air Pollution Regulations - History

Air Pollution Regulations - History. Air Pollution Control Act (APCA) of 1955 Research and technical assistance Motor Vehicle Act Research and technical assistance for motor vehicles CAA of 1963 Original Clean Air Act MVAPCA of 1965 Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act AQA of 1967

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Air Pollution Regulations - History

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  1. Air Pollution Regulations - History • Air Pollution Control Act (APCA) of 1955 • Research and technical assistance • Motor Vehicle Act • Research and technical assistance for motor vehicles • CAA of 1963 • Original Clean Air Act • MVAPCA of 1965 • Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act • AQA of 1967 • Air Quality Act ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  2. CAA of 1970 • Clean Air Act (amended previous versions) • Federalized air pollution control regulation • Emphasized health protection • Focused on automobiles and industry • National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) • NSPS: New Source Performance Standards ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  3. CAAA of 1977 • Clean Air Act Amendments • PSD for clean areas • Standards on areas failing NAAQS • Restricting dispersion • Amended in 1990 ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  4. Concepts and Terms • NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards • Criteria pollutants (PM, CO, SO2, NO2, O3, Pb) - see NAAQS on pg. 208 • Primary (health) vs. Secondary (welfare) • AQ Management Districts • PSD • SIP: State Implementation Plan • Contract between state and EPA ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  5. Concepts and Terms (2) • NSPS: New Source Performance Standards • Technology-based standards • By industry category • Concentration limits, monitoring and reporting requirements • AQMD: Air Quality Management Districts • PSD: Prevention of Significant Deterioration ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  6. Concepts and Terms (3) • NESHAPS: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants • HAPs: hundreds now (compared to EPA's original 7) • Major sources vs. Area sources • Acid Precipitation • Emissions allowances and trading • CEM vs. Sampling ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  7. Air Permitting • Inventories • Modeling • Risk Assessment • Permits to Pollute ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  8. CAAA Title V Operating Permits • Major Source: • 10 TPY of one HAP, or • 25 TPY total HAP, or • 100 TPY of all other • PSD permit if build/modify in an attainment area • If emit over 250 TPY, or • If in one of 28 categories of industries emitting over 100 TPY ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  9. Permit terms • Required for major sources (and some other categories) • Apply 6 months in advance • Lasts 5 years (except municipal incinerators - 12 years) • EPA Annual Fee (if not delegated): $32/ton actual emission of regulated pollutant. If delegated: $24/ton. ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  10. Dust and Particulate Matter Control • PM: solid or liquid material from 0.002 to 10 microns (m) • Primary PM is directly released, while Secondary PM is formed in atmosphere ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  11. Ventilation Systems • Virtually every building has an HVAC system whose air handlers move entrained material: • Inlets • Ducts • Fans/blowers • Stacks • Return feeds ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  12. Ventilation Systems (2) • Other specialized equipment might apply: • Hoods • Booths • Gloveboxes • Cleanrooms ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  13. Other Particulate Controls • Scrubbers • Use of aqueous solutions to trap/react PM • Can be used in a variety of equipment configurations (such as Venturis and cyclones) • Cyclones • 20-30 micron range ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  14. Other Particulate Controls (2) • Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) • < 10 micron range • 99% removal efficiency • Filtration • 99% removal efficiency ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  15. Gas and Vapor Control • Absorption • Wet scrubbing • Adsorption • Carbon adsorption • Incineration • Condensation • Toxics • VOCs ISAT 422: Environmental Management

  16. Stacks • Principles of operation and use • Dispersion and plume models ISAT 422: Environmental Management

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