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ALIEN INVASION

This text explores the complex ecology of alien invasions, focusing on concepts like the Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) and the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA). It discusses how non-indigenous species thrive due to reduced control from natural enemies like pathogens and predators, particularly in newly introduced environments compared to their native ranges. Additionally, it highlights the role of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution in enhancing the invasiveness of introduced species, providing insights into their ecological impact.

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ALIEN INVASION

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  1. ALIEN INVASION Invasion ecology…CURIOUSER & CURIOUSER

  2. vocabulary indigenous = native to a particular place biogeographical = the branch of biology that studies the geographical distribution of organisms

  3. The Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) • Relates the success of non-indigenous species (NIS) to reduced control by enemies • Pathogens • Parasites • Predators • Studies are split • Biogeographical analyses show a reduction in the diversity of enemies in the introduced range compared with the native range • Community studies imply no significant enemy differences between natives and invasives • Too simple to describe processes at work?

  4. Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis(EICA) • Blossey & Nötzold (1995) • Observations • Usually a lag period between time of introduction & point at which it is considered invasive • Invasive plants seem to be more virulent in habitats into which they have been introduced (as compared with their native habitats) • Presumed a sort of naturalization through modification • Predicts that much of the invasive potential of an invasive species is derived from its ability to evolve to reallocate its resources

  5. Invasion model Plasticity and adaptive evolution can lead to greater invasiveness Species frequency Local adaptation Phenotypic plasticity Introduced Naturalized Lag Invasive Sexton et al. 2002. Ecological Applications 12:1652-1660.

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