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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Balancing Equations Made Easy

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of chemical reactions, focusing on how to write and balance chemical equations. It explains the key components, including reactants, products, and yields, and illustrates their representations through word equations, skeleton equations, and balanced equations. By using examples such as magnesium oxide reacting with carbon to produce carbon monoxide, this guide will help you grasp the concept of balancing equations step-by-step. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!

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Understanding Chemical Reactions: Balancing Equations Made Easy

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  1. Chemical Equations

  2. A Chemical Reaction Reactants Products Yields (produces)

  3. Writing a Chemical Equation Chemical symbols give a “before-and-after” picture of a chemical reaction ReactantsProducts MgO + C CO + Mg magnesium oxide to yieldcarbon monoxide reacts with carbon and magnesium

  4. Ways to represent a chemical reaction: • Word Equation hydrogen + oxygen  water • Skeleton Equation H2 + O2 H2O • Balanced Equation 2H2 + O2 2H2O

  5. Balancing Equations • Write the skeleton equation Make sure compound adds to zero using subscripts Mg + O2 MgO 2. Start counting on the left and balance using coefficients ___ Mg + ___ O2 ___ MgO 3. At arrow repeat until done You can make odd numbers even ( X 2) +2 -2 2 2

  6. Steps in Balancing An Equation Fe3O4 + H2 Fe +H2O Fe:Fe3O4 + H23 Fe +H2O O:Fe3O4 + H2 3 Fe +4H2O H: Fe3O4 + 4 H2 3 Fe +4H2O

  7. What does it mean? 4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) ---> 2 Al2O3(s) This equation means 4 Al atoms + 3 O2 molecules ---produces---> 2 molecules of Al2O3 AND/OR 4 moles of Al + 3 moles of O2 ---produces---> 2 moles of Al2O3

  8. Balancing Equations ___ Al(s) + ___ Br2(l) ---> ___ Al2Br6(s) 2 3

  9. Learning Check: Fe3O4 + 4 H2 3 Fe +4H2O A. Number of H atoms in 4 H2O 1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 B. Number of O atoms in 4 H2O 1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 C. Number of Fe atoms in Fe3O4 1) 1 2) 3 3) 4

  10. Practice • __N2 + __H2  __NH3 • __NH3+ __O2  __HNO3 + __H2O • __H2+ __Fe2O3  __Fe+ __H2O • __C2H4+ __O2  __CO2+ __H2O 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2

  11. Harder Practice! • __Na + __H2O __NaOH + __H2 • __NH3+ __O2  __NO+ __H2O • Copper (II) sulfide + nitric acid  copper (II) sulfate + nitrogen dioxide + water __CuS+ __HNO3 __CuSO4+ __NO2 + __H2O 2 2 2 4 5 4 6 8 8 4

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