Power Point and Syllabus

2. Power Point and Syllabus • http://psychology.okstate.edu/faculty/mullins/psych3443.html

3. SONA! • http://compliance.vpr.okstate.edu/hsp/sona_index.htm • http://psychology.okstate.edu/

4. Assessment and Diagnosis in Abnormal Psychology Chapter 3

5. Objectives • What are the purposes of assessment in abnormal psychology? • What are important characteristics of assessment approaches? • How would one use interviews and testing to assess psychological disorders? • How are diagnoses made for psychological disorders?

6. Assessing Psychological Disorders • Purposes of Clinical Assessment • To understand the individual • To predict behavior • To plan treatment • To evaluate treatment outcome • Analogous to a Funnel • Starts broad • Narrow to specific problem areas • Multidimensional in approach

7. Characteristics of Assessment • Reliability • Consistency in measurement • Examples include test-retest, inter-rater reliability • Validity • What the test measures and how well it does so • Examples include content, concurrent, discriminant, construct, and face validity • Sensitivity and specificity

8. Sensitivity and Specificity What does the test say? Specificity 800/(800+100) = 88.9% true negatives false positives Does the person truly have the disorder? Sensitivity 90/(90+10) = .90 false negatives true positives

9. Characteristics of Assessment • Standardization • Standards and norms help ensure consistency in the use of a technique • Examples include administration procedures, scoring, and evaluation of data

10. Domains of Assessment:The Clinical Interview • Clinical Interview • Most common clinical assessment method • Structured or semi-structured • Purposes of interview • Explore presenting problem • Associated problem(s), • History • Biopsychosocial context • Diagnose

11. Domains of Assessment:Clinical Interview (cont.) • Mental Status Exam • Appearance and behavior • Thought processes • Mood and affect • Intellectual functioning • Sensorium • Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) • Assesses for cognitive functioning • Useful for screening for dementia or other neuropsychological deficits

12. Domains of Assessment:Behavioral Assessment and Observation • Behavioral Assessment • Focus on here and now • Tends to be direct and minimally inferential • Purpose is to identify problematic behaviors and situations • Identify antecedents, behaviors, and consequences • Behavioral Observation and Behavioral Assessment • Can be either formal or informal • Self-monitoring vs. others observing • Problem of reactivity using direct observation methods

13. Domains of Assessment:Psychological Testing and Projective Tests • Psychological Testing • Must be reliable and valid • Projective Tests • Project aspects of personality onto ambiguous test stimuli • Roots in psychoanalytic tradition • Require high degree of clinical inference in scoring and interpretation • Examples include the Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Apperception Test • Reliability and validity data tend to be mixed

15. Domains of Assessment: PsychologicalTesting and Objective Tests • Objective Tests • Test stimuli are less ambiguous • Roots in empirical or scientific tradition • Require minimal clinical inference in scoring and interpretation • Objective Personality Tests • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI, MMPI-2, MMPI-A) • Over 549 true or false items • Extensive reliability, validity, and normative database • Objective Intelligence Tests • Nature of intellectual functioning and IQ • The deviation IQ • Verbal and performance domains

17. Diagnosing Psychological Disorders:Foundations in Classification • Clinical Assessment vs. Psychiatric Diagnosis • Assessment – Idiographic approach (individual) • Diagnosis – Nomothetic approach (norms) • Both are important in treatment planning and intervention • The Nature and Forms of Classification Systems • Classical (or pure) categorical approach – Strict categories • Dimensional approach – Classification along dimension • Prototypical approach – Combines classical and dimensional views • DSM-IV and ICD-10

18. Purposes and Evolution of the DSM • Purposes of the DSM System • Aid communication, evaluate prognosis, need for treatment, and treatment planning • Basic Characteristics • Five axes describing full clinical presentation (person and environment) • Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria for disorders, including duration • Disorders are categorized under broad headings • Prototypic approach to classification; one that is empirically grounded

19. The DSM-IV • The Five DSM-IV Axes • Axis I – Most major disorders • Axis II – Stable, enduring problems (e.g., personality disorders, mental retardation) • Axis III – Medical conditions related to abnormal behavior • Axis IV – Psychosocial problems affecting functioning or treatment • Axis V – Global clinician rating of adaptive functioning

20. Be sure to…. • Read second half of Chapter 3, Research Methods