A Road to Revolution

1. A Road to Revolution Chapter 5

2. Intro • http://www.graspr.com/videos/Schoolhouse-Rock-No-More-Kings-1

3. Trouble on the Frontier • In the middle of the 1700’s, France and England were competing for control of land in North America • The French got along well with the Natives, but the British stole land from them.

4. Trouble on the Frontier • In 1753, the French began to build forts in “British” land • George Washington was sent with the militia to warn the French not to try to take the land • One year later, Washington returned to the site of the Ohio River to build a fort

5. Trouble on the Frontier • He was too late, the French had already build Fort Duquesne • Washington built Fort Necessity 50 miles away • Eventually Washington was forced to surrender Fort Necessity.

6. Trouble on the Frontier • There was a meeting of the colonial leaders in Albany, New York • They wanted to agree to defend themselves together • They also invited the Iroquois because they wanted to make an alliance • The Natives wouldn’t make one • To show the necessity for unity, Join or Die was printed by Benjamin Franklin

7. Trouble on the Frontier • The Albany Plan of Union • Council of Representatives used to organize armies and collect taxes • This was rejected by the colonies

8. Trouble on the Frontier • The British plan was to push the French out of the Ohio River Valley • General Edward Braddock had orders to capture Fort Duquesne • He did not understand American fighting tactics and half of his men were killed in an ambush • The British also lost at Fort Niagara and near Lake George

9. Trouble on the Frontier • May 1756, the British declared war on the French, starting the 7 Years War (The French and Indian War) • In 1757, The luck of the British changed • General James Wolfe led the British to many victories including Louisbourg and Pittsburgh • At the Battle of Quebec, Wolfe led the British at night on a small trail that allowed them to climb cliffs into the city • They Defeated the French

10. Trouble on the Frontier • February 1763, Britain and France signed the treaty of Paris ending the War • The French surrendered

12. The Colonists resist tighter control • Because of the war, the British controlled almost all the territory east of the Mississippi • Fighting with the natives began after the French and Indian war ended

13. The Colonists resist tighter control • May 1763, Pontiac, leader of the Ottawa nation and his allies attacked British forts in the area • Many British and Natives were killed • The British defeated the natives by August

14. The Colonists resist tighter control • Proclamation of 1763 was issued by the British government • It banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains • This was widely ignored and impossible to enforce

15. The Colonists resist tighter control • Although the 13 colonies were divided, they saw themselves as separate from the British in Britain • The British thought the colonists should pay part of the debt from the war • 1764-The Sugar Act • Parliament put a duty on products such as molasses and sugar products

16. The Colonists resist tighter control • 1765-Parliament passed the Quartering Act • This act said that the colonists would have to house British troops to provide them with food, water and supplies • The colonists complained Parliament was violating their rights

17. The Colonists resist tighter control • 1765-The Stamp Act required a special tax on many types of products including newspapers, wills, licenses, insurance policies, land titles, contracts and dice • This was protested-The House of Burgesses claimed it was the only one who could tax the colonists • Merchants in New York, Boston and Philadelphia organized a boycott • In October 1765- 9 colonies met in New York for a Stamp Act Congress to petition the king to end the Stamp and Sugar Act

18. The Colonists resist tighter control • 1766-Colonist protests worked and Parliament repealed the Stamp Act • They passed thee Declaratory Act which said Parliament has total authority over the colonies

19. The Colonists resist tighter control • The Townshend Acts set up a system to enforce new import taxes • Customs officers could use Writs of Assistance • Colonists boycotted goods and in 1770, the Townshend Acts were repealed except for the tax on Tea

21. The Colonists resist tighter control • On the same day as the repeal, workers and sailors surrounded soldiers. • The colonists threw snowballs and rocks at the soldiers • The soldiers fired into the crowd, killed 5 and wounded 6 • Crispus Attucks was the first to die • This was called the Boston Massacre

22. The Colonists resist tighter control • The 9 soldiers were put on trial for murder and defended by John Adams • Two soldiers were convicted-Their punishment was having their thumbs branded

23. The Colonists resist tighter control • The Committee of Correspondence was set up by Samuel Adams and was used to keep the colonists informed of British actions • There were letters and pamphlets printed

24. From Protest to Rebellion • In 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act • The British wanted to help the British East India Company • This lowered the price of tea by direct shipments to the colonies • Colonists did not like this because they could only get tea from this company and not from individual merchants

25. From Protest to Rebellion • Colonists called the Sons of Liberty threatened ship captains who were bringing in tea • Tea was only unloaded in Boston on December 16, 1773, a large group of men crowded in the harbor, they were disguised as Indians, boarded the ship and threw 342 cases of tea into the harbor • This was the Boston Tea Party

26. From Protest to Rebellion • This outraged the British government • As a response, Parliament passed four laws the colonists called the Intolerable Acts • They closed the port of Boston • Increased the royal governor power, cut town meetings and abolished Massachusetts Legislature • Tried the murder of officials in Britain • Strengthened the Quartering Act of 1765

27. From Protest to Rebellion • The Quebec Act set up a government in the territories won from France • Americans reacted by helping the people of Boston • They sent food and supplies • The Committee of Correspondence organized the first Continental Congress in Philadelphia in September and October of 1774 • 12 out of 13 colonies set delegates, all except for Georgia

28. From Protest to Rebellion • Congress demanded a repeal of the Intolerable acts and declared the colonies had a right to tax and govern themselves • Began the training of militias • Started a new boycott of British goods

29. From Protest to Rebellion • Parliament would not meet the demands • In the meantime, colonists began to arm militias and minutemen • In April 1775, the Governor of Massachusetts found out the minutemen were storing goods at Concord • He sent 700 troops to seize arms and leaders • Paul Revere and William Dawes let people know

30. From Protest to Rebellion • Five miles away at Lexington, minutemen were waiting for the British • When confronted, someone shot a gun, this was the “Shot heard round the world.” • At Concord, 400 minutemen fought the British • About 300 British Redcoats had been killed/wounded

31. The War Begins • After Lexington and Concord the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in May 1775 • They chose George Washington to be the Commander of the Continental army • They began to print their own money

32. The War Begins • By 1775, Colonists were split • People who wanted independence were Patriots • 1/3 of colonist remained loyal to the King and were loyalists • Loyalists came from all colonies but were the minority • Patriots gained control of the government

33. The War Begins • Many slaves sided with the British because they thought they could win their freedom • Many loyalists moved to Canada

34. The War Begins • The Second Continental Congress began to petition the King • The Olive Branch Petition • Said the colonists were loyal to the King and asked the king to stop the disputes • May 10, 1775, colonists attacked Ft. Ticonderoga • Led by Ethan Allen and the “Green Mountain Boys” surprised the British • The British surrendered valuable weapons including cannons

35. The War Begins • American farmers and workers surrounded Boston as soldiers • British general William Howe decided to attack Breed’s Hill • Americans did not have much Ammo so they waited until the British were 150 feet away • The British attacked three different times before they succeeded • This was called the Battle of Bunker Hill and Americans proved they could stand up to the British.

36. The War Begins • George Washington used cannons to force the British out of Boston • The British ended up blockading American ports • They hired mercenaries to help their army • In December 1775, Americans attacked Quebec and were turned back.

37. Conclusion • http://www.graspr.com/videos/Schoolhouse-Rock-The-Shot-Heard-Round-the-World-1