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SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTH

SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTH. Sociological Perspectives – A set of ideas that claims to explain how Society or parts of society work. RESEARCH TWO THEORIES REVIEW THE EVIDENCE FOR THE THEORIES and RELATE THEORIES TO A SPECIFIC HEALTH ISSUE.

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SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTH

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  1. SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTH Sociological Perspectives – A set of ideas that claims to explain how Society or parts of society work.

  2. RESEARCH TWOTHEORIES • REVIEW THE EVIDENCE FOR THE THEORIES • and • RELATE THEORIES TO A SPECIFIC HEALTH ISSUE. • FOR TWO HEALTH ISSUES EXPLAIN HOW SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECT PEOPLE’S HEALTH

  3. CONSENSUS THEORY • Functional Theory- Durkheim very influential. • All parts of society are seen as inter-related. • All parts together make up whole system (Machine) • Believes that behaviour in society is structured according to Values, Norms and Roles.

  4. It is concerned with explaining the origin and maintenance of order and stability in society. • They believe the social system has certain basic needs which must be met for society to survive. – Functional Prerequisites • They believe that all social groups benefit if society runs smoothly and prospers. • They understand that social groups have differences but these are of minor importance compared to the shared interests.

  5. CONSENSUS THEORY: • CONCEPT OF PEOPLE IN SOCIETY AS FUNCTIONAL OR DYSFUNCTIONAL, • VALUES AND ROLES, LOSS OF ROLE AND SICK ROLE COULD BE EXAMINED. • SUICIDE RATES IN SOCIETY COULD BE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO UNEMPLOYMENT OR EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT.

  6. CONFLICT THEORY • Marx & Weber • These theories state that there are fundamental differences of interests between social groups. • These differences result in conflict being a common and persistent feature of society. • Marxism is one interpretation of conflict theory.

  7. Marxism in a nutshell: • In order to survive Humans must produce food and material objects. • In doing so they enter into social relationships with others. • These involve the exploitation of one social group by another. (In capitalist society Employers exploit Employees. • This creates a fundamental conflict of interests between social groups as one gains at expense of others.

  8. Haves ( own land, materials, workshops) Bourgeoisie Exploit • Have nots ( only have their labour to offer) Proletariat

  9. ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY COULD BE DISCUSSED AND INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CAN BE EXAMINED TO DEMONSTRATE HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT STATUS IN SOCIETY. • The poorer in monetary terms are poorer in health and health care terms.

  10. Interactionism • Focuses on small scale interaction rather than on society as a whole. • Seeks to understand the actions and behaviour between individuals. • Interprets the meanings people give to their actions. • Looks at self-image and self concept.

  11. Interactionism believes that if people are defined at being a certain way (idiot, untrustworthy, schizo) • Then they will see themselves this way and act accordingly. • Imagine everyone as acting their part in a play- part of friend, parent, worker, nurse, patient etc.

  12. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM: • (social action theory) • IMPORTANCE OF LABELS IN RELATION TO HEALTH. IMPORTANCE OF LABELS AND THE DANGER OF STEROTYPING AND DISCRIMINATION THROUGH LABELLING.

  13. Feminism • Emphasis on gender as starting point for sociological analysis. • Sets out to explain the position of women in society and why they have been subordinated and oppressed. • Focused on why women were seen to be inferior to men. • Attention on unequal distribution of power.

  14. FEMINIST APPROACH: • DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN IN TERMS OF PATTERNS OF MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS COULD BE CONSIDERED AS WELL AS LIFE EXPECTANCY. GIVE CONSIDERATION TO BOTH SOCIOLOGY AND MEDICINE AS DISCIPLINES WHICH HAVE DEVELOPED MALE BIAS.

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