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Objectives. To introduce fusion and fission as sources of energy To learn about nuclear fission To understand how a nuclear reactor works To learn about nuclear fusion. Class Warmup. Write a balanced equation to represent the following nuclear processes.
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Objectives • To introduce fusion and fission as sources of energy • To learn about nuclear fission • To understand how a nuclear reactor works • To learn about nuclear fusion
Class Warmup Write a balanced equation to represent the following nuclear processes. • Bismuth-209 is bombarded by an alpha particle, which results in the production of astatine-211 plus two neutrons. • Uranium-235 is bombarded with a neutron producing Barium-141 and Krypton-92 plus 3 neutrons. • Two isotopes of hydrogen, hydrogen-2 and hydrogen 3 combine to produce Helium-4 plus one neutron.
A. Nuclear Energy • Two types of nuclear processes can produce energy • Combining 2 light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus - fusion • Splitting a heavy nucleus into 2 nuclei with smaller mass numbers - fission
B. Nuclear Fission • Releases a large amount of energy • Each fission produces 3 neutrons
B. Nuclear Fission • Chain reaction – self sustaining fission process caused by the production of neutrons that proceed to split other nuclei • Critical mass – mass of fissionable material required to produce a chain reaction
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C. Nuclear Power Plants • Reactor core
Nuclear Power Plants What happens to nuclear waste? • Nuclear waste material must be stored safely for hundreds of thousands of years. • Currently, spent fuel rods are stored on-site at nuclear power plants. They are stored in pools of water or eventually in dry casks • Work has been done on a permanent geological storage facility – Yucca mountain, Nevada
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D. Nuclear Fusion • Small nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus. • Tremendous amount of energy is released. • Powers the stars and sun
D. Nuclear Fusion • Requires extremely high temperatures • Currently not technically possible for us to use as an energy source
E. Effects of Radiation • Factors Determining Biological Effects of Radiation • Energy of the radiation • Penetrating ability of the radiation • Ionizing ability of the radiation • Chemical properties of the radiation source