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Part 1: How Small We Are…

Part 1: How Small We Are…. Our own Sun sits at the center of our solar system. NASA Animation. Our sun is 4,500,000,000 years old. Photo from NASA. It will be around for about another 4,500,000,000 years. Photo from NASA.

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Part 1: How Small We Are…

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  1. Part 1:How Small We Are…

  2. Our own Sun sits at the center of our solar system NASA Animation

  3. Our sun is 4,500,000,000 years old. Photo from NASA

  4. It will be around for about another 4,500,000,000 years Photo from NASA

  5. Our Sun contains about 99.8% of all of the mass in our solar system. Photo from The International Astronomical Union Martin Kornmesser

  6. Jupiter holds most of the rest. Photo from The International Astronomical Union Martin Kornmesser

  7. For example, if our solar system were a one hundred dollar bill, the sun would be represented by ninety-nine dollars and eighty cents.

  8. The rest of the solar system, all of the planets, asteroids, comets, etc...

  9. Photo from NASA All of This Equals Twenty Cents You are here

  10. The Sun’s mass is composed of 70% hydrogen and 28% helium. The rest is mostly metals and amounts to less than 2%. Helium Hydrogen

  11. The Sun’s Temperature Photosphere Temperature is about 9,900 Degrees F 5,500 Degrees C 5,800 Degrees K Core Temperature is about 28,000,000 Degrees F 16,000,000 Degrees C 15,600,000 Degrees K

  12. Part 2:Solar Categories Photo from NASA

  13. TheHertzsprung – Russell Diagram A classification system for stars

  14. 106 104 102 1 -102 -104 Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram Spectral Class O BAF G KM -10 Blue Giants -5 Red Super Giants RedGiants 0 Absolute Magnitude Luminosity (Sun = 1) Main Sequence Stars 5 10 White Dwarfs 15 3,000 7,500 20,000 10,000 5,500 4,500 40,000 Temperature (ºK)

  15. A Blue Giant A Blue Giant is a huge, very hot, blue star. A Blue Giant burns twice as hot and half as long as a main sequence star. Photo from NASA

  16. Blue Giants Hot Blue Stars at the Core of Globular Cluster M15 Photo from NASA

  17. Super Giants A super giant is the largest known type of star; some are almost as large as our entire solar system. These stars are rare. Photo from NASA

  18. Super Giants When super giants die they supernova and become black holes. Photo from NASA

  19. This star is going Nova… Photo from NASA

  20. These have already gone Nova… The Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant This a relatively new Nova. Photo from NASA

  21. These have already gone Nova… Cassiopeia A – An Old Supernova Photo from NASA

  22. This is a Black Hole! Photo from NASA

  23. So is this… Photo from NASA

  24. Part 3: How our star works…

  25. How Our Sun Works The center of the sun is very hot and the pressure is immense, about 100 billion times the air pressure here on Earth. Because of that, atoms come so close to each other that they fuse.

  26. How Our Sun Works Every second, the Sun converts 700 billion tons of Hydrogen into about 695 billion tons of Helium. About 5 hundred thousand tons, are turned into energy, in the form of light and heat.

  27. How Our Sun Works The Sun has converted about half its supply of Hydrogen into Helium over the last 4.5 billion years. When our sun uses up its remaining supply…

  28. How Our Sun Works … our sun will become a Red Giant Earth

  29. How Our Sun Works Right now our Sun has a hot surface, a warm center, huge mass, but it is small in size. Earth

  30. How Our Sun Works When our Sun uses up most of its Hydrogen it will start to lose its mass. Earth

  31. How Our Sun Works The surface will begin to cool, and at the same time the core will begin to heat up… Earth

  32. How Our Sun Works …the Sun will begin to expand in size and get much brighter. Earth

  33. How Our Sun Works The Sun will swallow Mercury, and Venus as it expands. Earth

  34. How Our Sun Works The all the water on earth will evaporate into space... Earth

  35. How Our Sun Works The Earth will become, much like Mercury is now. Earth

  36. How Our Sun Works A charred lifeless rock, orbiting the sun… Earth

  37. How Our Sun Works After the Sun uses up its remaining supply of Hydrogen it will shrink up into a white Dwarf. Earth

  38. How Our Sun Works In about 3 to 4 BILLION YEARS!!! So you still have to do your homework! This will all happen in about… Earth

  39. O B A F G K M -10 106 104 -5 102 0 Luminosity (Sun = 1) Absolute Magnitude 1 5 -102 10 -104 15 3,000 40,000 20,000 10,000 7,500 4,500 5,500 Temperature (ºK) Quiz: Put a circle on the Hertzsprung – Russell Diagram where our Sun would be

  40. Additional Images from www.Nasa.gov www.Thenineplanets.org Used with permission And www.Animationfactory.com Bought and Paid for  I am not a salesman and do not get commission, I do how ever endorse this site and their graphics. I would not be able to make a good Power Point with out them. It is worth every penny.

  41. Teacher Lecture Notes To make this text bigger hold down the Ctrl key and turn the wheel on your mouse away from you at the same time.To me the solar system unit is the toughest unit to teach all year. Not because it is not interesting, not because I don’t understand the material, and certainly not because the kids don’t like the material. Quite the opposite, they want to know everything about everything, and that is where the challenge comes in. You really need to be at the top of your game when you teach this unit. There are some fantastic web sites out there with some incredible information, the information is written at all levels of understanding. I recommend to read them all, a lot. Our universe is a very complicated and very huge place. We are a very, very, very small part in the grand scope of things. You need to have a very solid understanding of the major principles of our universe to be able to relate the correct information to your students. Questions that often come up, but are not on our standards, How do Black Holes work? How does Gravity work? What happens to a star when it dies? If you are already a student of these concepts you will understand how these three questions are interrelated. If the connection between those last three questions was not readily apparent then you might want to do a little reading. Below are a few great places to start:http://www.nineplanets.org/ - This site will answer about 85% of your questions right off the bat.http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasagalleries.cfm - Great stuff and awesome pictureshttp://www.dustbunny.com/afk/index.html - Tough concepts put simplyhttp://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html - WOOF! great pics, and info about our solar systemhttp://space.jpl.nasa.gov/ - You are here. - Solar system simulator that places all the planets right where they, were, are, or will be; according to your settings.http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/solar_system_level2/moonlight.html - Lunar Phaseshttp://www.psi.edu/projects/moon/moon.html - Where did the moon come from. This is theory, but it is widely excepted in the community of people who seem to know something about this. (it’s not evolution so have fun)http://www.solarviews.com/eng/homepage.htm - Great in depth information about the solar systemI have also made additional comments in throughout the power point in the comments box under each slide. You can print them out along with the slides so you can have them in front of you when you are giving the lecture. Cheat sheets are aloud during lectures.

  42. Special Thank You! I would like to extend a special thank you to Bill Arnett and his fantastic website http://www.nineplanets.org/ . Bill took the time to answer a bunch of technical questions for me, and his help and guidance are very much appreciated. Bill’s website (above) has been my major resource for my solar system unit since I started teaching. The information on this site and his vast collection of pictures and links to other sites have been an invaluable tool over the years. Bill site contains just about everything you would need to know about our solar system and more. Thanks Bill! 

  43. Usage Information This Power Point has been designed to correlate with the Fourth Grade Georgia Professional Standards or GPS for the 2006 – 2007 School year. Any Teacher using this Power Point for educational purposes may do so with out worry of monetary reimbursement, and with my full blessing. (We have to buy enough stuff already ) I would appreciate that the credit be given to any and all participants in the making of this Power Point. I hope you use them well and enjoy them with your students. If you have any suggestions or comments regarding this or any of my Power Point presentations, please email me at David.Eichler@Cobbk12.org. Anyone using this Power Point outside of the classroom, for personal gain or profit will need to get my personal approval in writing. I have put 100’s of hours into the production of these presentations over the years, and I have created them for the students in our classrooms, not for fortune or fame. I hope that you do not take advantage of this work for personal gain.Please do not make changes to this Power Point other than the correction of a grammatical or punctuation error.

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