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Indoor Positioning System

Indoor Positioning System. Wade Jarvis Arthur Mason Kevin Thornhill Bobby Zhang. Mentor: Dr. Kemin Zhou. IPS Requirements. Design a safe, user friendly system that will be able to accurately locate and track multiple objects within a given area.

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Indoor Positioning System

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  1. Indoor Positioning System WadeJarvis Arthur Mason Kevin Thornhill Bobby Zhang Mentor: Dr. Kemin Zhou

  2. IPS Requirements • Design a safe, user friendly system that will be able to accurately locate and track multiple objects within a given area. • Ideally provide real time location and direction between the readers and the tags. • Last at least 1 year from battery power. • Overall, the system should operate at an estimated cost of $2000 for an area of 10,000 square feet.

  3. XBee API Programming

  4. XBee Transparent Programming • Serial.print(“Hello World”); • Broadcast to all nearby nodes • incomingByte = Serial.read(); • Reads 1 byte of data from Serial buffer • XBee sends any incoming bytes through UART to Arduino

  5. XBee API Programming

  6. XBee API Programming

  7. RSSI Signal/Distance

  8. RSSI/Distance • Formula for Distance: Fm = Fade Margin N = Path-Loss Exponent, ranges from 2.7 to 4.3 Po = Signal power (dBm) at zero distance Pr = Signal power (dBm) at distance F = signal frequency in MHz

  9. Trilateration

  10. Trilateration • Trilateration is used to estimate the location of the unknown node • 2D Trilateration • 3D Trilateration

  11. 2D Trilateration • Distances (d1,d2,d3) are measured by an RSSI signal. • Therefore, there is a small unknown error for every distance calculated

  12. 2D trilateration • The location for the unknown tag can be found by solving the following system of quadratic equations: • After substation in the 3rd equation we have two linear equations:

  13. 2D Trilateration

  14. MATLAB Simulation

  15. Detection Device

  16. Detection Device • Innovation ID-12 chip • Arduino Uno • RFID Cards

  17. Detection Device • Each RF card has a 12 digit unique ID • Linked to an object in the field • Sending the ID to Matlab: • Arduino Code • Matlab Code • Both codes have to be interfaced with each other

  18. Database • Each unique ID is stored in the MATLAB database • Incoming ID will be compared to the IDs stored in MATLAB • After comparison, location of the object will be displayed on a graphical user interface

  19. Power Requirements

  20. Power Requirements • Portable • Long Battery Life • User-Friendly • Safe • Rechargeable

  21. Powering Devices • RF tags lithium-ion polymer batteries • RF readers USB or DC power source

  22. Battery & Battery Life • Lithium-ion polymer battery • Compact size 0.25x2.1x2.1" (5.8x54x54mm) • Resistant against high temperatures and pressure • Max charge of 4v • Battery life Current=+( 50mA) * Hours of battery life = • Constantly scanned battery Life=798 hours • Scanned every minute=3192

  23. Power Indicator Circuit • Integrate into our RF tags • Cut-off voltage of 3.2v • Hysteresis of .05-.07v • Drop from high to low will cause a signal to be sent from the tag to the host computer to alert the user to charge the battery.

  24. Battery Indicator Demonstration • Video Here

  25. Distance Testing

  26. Distance Testing: Old Antennas • Tested the system using 1 reader and 1 tag • Received mixed results based on the orientation of the devices • Works accurately when facing away from each other • Results varied when devices were facing towards each other

  27. XBee Antenna • On board antenna • Non-uniform radiation pattern

  28. AntenovaTitanis Antenna • Provided by Cameron group • Much better radiation pattern • Dead zone above • Sometimes too sensitive

  29. Distance Testing: New Antennas • Tested the system using 3 readers and 1 tag • Received mixed results due to the environment • Ground testing: Inconsistent – varied results • Held up testing: Consistent – accurate results

  30. 2-D Trilateration Tests

  31. Parade Grounds • 5 feet above ground (using stands) • Tag location: [0,4] • Results

  32. EE Parking Lot • 5 feet above ground • Tag location: [0,0] • Results

  33. EE Parking Lot • 5 feet above ground • Tag location [0, 0] • Results

  34. EE Parking Lot • 5 feet above ground • Tag location: [2,4] • Results

  35. Gymnasium • 5 feet above grounds • Tag location: [0, 5] • Results

  36. Implementation of Matlab GUI

  37. Conclusion

  38. Budget

  39. Performance Outcomes • Want to track multiple tags • Error of no more than 1 meter • User friendly • Mobile • Tag life of at least 1 year • Low cost • Real time tracking

  40. Problems • Titanis antennas were too sensitive • Metal interference • Humidity and temperature • Moved outdoors • Radiation patterns were not uniform • Change XBee modules

  41. Future Designs • Implement a wake-up circuit • Auto-tune for environmental effects • Better antennas for situation • 3D trilateration

  42. System Demonstration

  43. Questions? Acknowledgements Mr. Scalzo, Dr. Kemin Zhou, Cameron Group, and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

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