1 / 13

Population Dynamics and Urban Environment: Exploring Demography and Ecological Interdependencies

This chapter explores the scientific study of population dynamics, including size, composition, and distribution, as well as the interdependencies between human populations and their urban environment. It covers key terms such as demography, census, vital statistics, immigration, emigration, birth rate, death rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy, sex ratio, age-sex pyramid, cohort, Malthusian theory, demographic transition theory, population replacement level, urbanism, population density, human ecology, greenhouse effect, thermal pollution, environmental racism, ecological demography, and ecological globalization.

williamssandra
Télécharger la présentation

Population Dynamics and Urban Environment: Exploring Demography and Ecological Interdependencies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 21, Population, Urbanism and the Environment Key Terms

  2. DemographyThe scientific study of the current state and change over time in the size, composition, and distribution of populations. • CensusA head count of the entire population of a country.

  3. Vital statisticsInformation about births, marriages, deaths, migrations in and out of the country, and other fundamental quantities related to population. • ImmigrationMigration into a society from outside.

  4. EmigrationDeparture of people from a society. • Crude birth rateNumber of babies born each year for every 1,000 members of the population.

  5. Death rateThe number of deaths each year per 1,000 people. • Infant mortality rateThe number of deaths per year of infants less than one year old for every 1,000 births.

  6. Life expectancyThe average number of years a population or group is expected to live. • Sex ratioThe number of males per 100 females, or the number of males divided by the number of females.

  7. Age-sex pyramidGraphic representation of the age and gender structure of a society. • CohortConsists of all the persons born within a given period.

  8. Malthusian theoryTheory that a population tends to grow faster than the subsistence needed to sustain it. • Demographic transition theoryProposes that countries pass through a predictable sequence of population patterns linked to the degree of technological development in the society, ending with a situation in which the birthrates and death rates are both relatively low.

  9. Population replacement levelA state in which the combined birthrate and death rate of a population simply sustains the population at a steady level, called the equilibrium level. • UrbanismThe extent to which a community has the characteristics of city life and the “urban” end of the rural–urban continuum.

  10. Population density The number of people per unit of area. • Human ecologyThe scientific study of the interdependencies that exist between humans and their physical environment.

  11. Human ecosystem.Any system of interdependent parts that involves human beings in interaction with one another and the physical environment. • Greenhouse effectRise in the earth’s surface temperature caused by heat trapped by excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

  12. Thermal pollutionHeating up the earth's lakes and rivers as the result of the chemical discharges of heavy industry. • Environmental racismConsists of dumping of toxic wastes with disproportionate frequency in areas that have high concentrations of minorities and persons of lower socioeconomic status.

  13. Ecological demographyCombines the studies of demography and ecology. • Ecological globalizationThe worldwide dispersion of problems and issues involving the relationships between humans and the physical and social global environment.  

More Related