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Effects of Radiation on the Embryo and Fetus

This lecture explores the detrimental effects of radiation exposure on embryo and fetus development, including intrauterine death, congenital abnormalities, and growth retardation. The discussion covers dose, dose rate, and gestational stage impacts, drawing from human and animal experiences to illustrate the risks and consequences. It also delves into specific outcomes like microcephaly, mental retardation, and neonatal death.

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Effects of Radiation on the Embryo and Fetus

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  1. Lecture 28 Effects of Radiation on the Embryo and Fetus

  2. Intrauterine death Congenital abnormalities and neonatal death Microcephaly, mental retardation Growth retardation Dose, dose rate, and stage in gestation Human experience of pregnant women exposed to therapeutic dose

  3. Newly fertilized mouse egg • Three important stages of development • Pre-implantation • Organogenesis • Fetal development 3rd day –mouse embryo

  4. Classic effects of radiation on Embryo and Fetus • 1. Lethal effects • pre-implantation death • intra-uterine death • neonatal death • 2. Malformations • Teratogenic effects • 3. Growth disturbances Effects depend on: Dose, Stage of gestation and dose rate

  5. Dose= 2 Gy

  6. Intrauterine death Congenital abnormalities and neonatal death Microcephaly, mental retardation Growth retardation Dose, dose rate, and stage in gestation Human experience of pregnant women exposed to therapeutic dose

  7. Congenital malformations (1 Gy)

  8. Irradiation during the period of organogenesis Normal Resorbed fetuses

  9. Irradiation during the period of organogenesis Eye defects

  10. Intrauterine death Congenital abnormalities and neonatal death Microcephaly, mental retardation Growth retardation Dose, dose rate, and stage in gestation Human experience of pregnant women exposed to therapeutic dose

  11. Experience in humans • Medical exposures • Atomic bomb survivors • Effects: • Microcephaly • CNS defects • Growth retardation For period 16-25 weeks Absorbed fetal dose (Rads)

  12. Medical Radiation effects on Embryo and Fetus • Less severe abnormalities in human embryo exposed before 2-3 weeks of gestation was observed, although an increase abortion was reported. • Severe abnormalities observed between 4 and 11 weeks of gestation. • Abnormalities involving eye, skeleton, genital organs and stunted growth, microcephaly and mental retardation was observed between 11 and 16 weeks of gestation. • Weeks 16-20 showed mild stunted growth, microcephaly and mental retardation. • Irradiation after 30 weeks caused functional disabilites.

  13. Intrauterine death Congenital abnormalities and neonatal death Microcephaly, mental retardation Growth retardation Dose, dose rate, and stage in gestation Human experience of pregnant women exposed to therapeutic dose

  14. Comparison of human and animal data

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