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Organelle Presentation

Organelle Presentation . Red Block Class October 2012. Nucleus. Structure & Function. Nuclear envelope- two lipid bilayers Nucleoplasm- “ cytoplasm ” in cell Nucleolus- DNA, produces ribosome RNA. “ brain ” of the cell Controls motion and reproduction.

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Organelle Presentation

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  1. Organelle Presentation Red Block Class October 2012

  2. Nucleus

  3. Structure & Function • Nuclear envelope- two lipid bilayers • Nucleoplasm- “cytoplasm” in cell • Nucleolus- DNA, produces ribosome RNA • “brain” of the cell • Controls motion and reproduction http://www.clccharter.org/aa/projects/newmedicalproject2011/cellstructure.html

  4. Location • Eukaryote • Middle of Cytoplasm • Not near edge because too dangerous • Plant and Animal cells http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/animals/cell/

  5. Analogy • Kicking and Screaming- “Flying V”

  6. Ribosome Susan Roberts and Emily Ryan

  7. Structure - Composed mostly of RNA - It is in all types of cells - Made up of 2 pieces, called sub-units - It can be either free floating in the cell or attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum

  8. Function - Where proteins are made- Ribosomes take amino acids and assemble them into proteins - The DNA in cells sends out mRNA which are translated by the Ribosome into an amino acid chain - Ribosomes are a site for protein synthesis where the amino acids are assembled into proteins

  9. Analogy - They are similar to Amazon. People (DNA) order items online and their purchase (protein) is sent to the warehouse (Ribosomes) through the internet (RNA) where the item is constructed and sent to your house (ER)

  10. Sources - http://tinyurl.com/8eqacc3 - http://tinyurl.com/97gvy8d -Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life

  11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) By Kyle Johnston and Idan Waksman http://epiehonorsbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/ROUGH_ER!!!!!!.jpg/276281726/ROUGH_ER!!!!!!.jpg

  12. Function and Structure -RER packages together proteins for inside and outside of the cell and creates the cell membrane. -Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) stores steroids and ions for the cell -RER and SER are both made up of membrane, however RER has ribosomes covering the outside which put together the proteins. -RER looks like thin membranes covered in bumpy ribosomes.

  13. Location -Only in eukaryotes -Located right next to the nucleus and surrounds it -Not in bacteria because bacteria don't have a nucleus. http://www.4to40.com/images/science/Rough_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Function/Rough_Endoplasmic_Reticulum_Function.jpg

  14. Analogy The rough endoplasmic reticulum can be thought of as a factory. Amino acids come in and then the RER produce the proteins and then "box them up" and ship them to other parts of the cell such as the golgi apparatus to be used by the body. http://www.bradfitzpatrick.com/store/images/products/bs003-cartoon-factory.jpg

  15. Sources 1. http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html 2. http://www.bscb.org/?url=softcell/er 3. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology the Unity and Diversity of Life. California: Brooks/Cole, 2001. 106. Print.

  16. The Golgi Apparatus Lisa Waddell

  17. What is a Golgi Apparatus? • A stack of flat, membrane-bound vesicles (like empty sacks) that are surrounded by numerous smaller vesicles < Looks like a stack of deflated balloons> • Made up of smooth cisternae, which are coated with lipid membranes "Animal Cell." Protopage. Animalcell.com, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http://www.protopage.com/bwineanimalcell>. "Golgi Apparatus." Cell Organelles: Golgi Apparatus. Quill Graphics, 1994. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. <http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/golgi.htm>.

  18. Where is a Golgi Apparatus? • Found in eukaryotes (plants and animals) but not prokaryotes (bacteria/ archaebacteria) • Inside a eukaryotic cell, it is found in the cytoplasm

  19. Function of a Golgi Apparatus • Its function is to direct traffic of macromolecules throughout the cells • It is like the post office of the cell. • The street that the post office is on is the cytoplasm • The packages are the hormones and enzymes that are being transferred • The postmen are the Golgi Body itself

  20. Chloroplasts By Carter Lofblad and Scott Higgins

  21. Structure and Function • Chlorosplasts are the food producers in plant cells as • well as protista • They perform photosynthesis in the cytoplasm, taking Place in the Thylakoid and stored in the rest of the chloroplast • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast • http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_chloroplast.html

  22. Location, Location, Location • Chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm of photosynthetic eukaryotes http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/

  23. Analogy • The entire plant cell is like a house • The chloroplast is like the solar panels on the roof because it produces energy http://www.solarpowerhomesblog.net/

  24. Mitochondria Definition: an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells in which cellular respiration produces energy. Meredith Cheek and Hannah Gilman A mitochondria is like the power plant of a eukaryotic cell. Starr/Tagart textbook

  25. Structure and Function • Has its own DNA • ribosomes • Make own proteins • reproduce • Inner membrane creates folds call cristae • Provides additional surface area • Matrix is space inside where cellular respiration occurs glucose ATP http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria.html

  26. Location • Found in eukaryotic cells (animal &plants) • Located in cytoplasm • Few in simple cells: yeast • Many in complex cells: muscles http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/emfpu/genetics/explained/mitochondrial

  27. Organelle:LYSOSOME Reynaldo Duran

  28. FUNCTION • Organelle of intracellular digestion • Contains a potent brew of about 40 enzymes that help break down proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids • Sometimes digest whole cells or cell parts • ex: Lysosomes destroy tail cells in growing tadpoles -> Recycle the cell’s useless organic material in a process known as autophagy Sources: “Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life” and micro.magnet.fsu.edu - Cell Biology: Lysosomes

  29. STRUCTURE • Made up of a brew of enzymes Image from micro.magnet.fsu.edu - Cell Biology: Lysosomes

  30. LOCATION ANALOGY • Stomach • Location of digestion • Contains enzymes • Breaks down nutrients • Acid -> deteriorate • Found in animals • Found only in eukaryotes • Moves through the cytoplasm • Found in plant and animal cells Source: “Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life” Images from http://epiehonorsbiology.wikispaces.com/Lysosome and http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/pictures/humanbody/stomach.html

  31. Vacuoles Chris Yee

  32. Stores Nutrients and Vital materials • Regulates waste products within the cell • Helps maintain Homeostasis Plant Cell Animal Cell

  33. Large and Important part of Plant Cells Fills with water to support the cell wall and structure of plant

  34. Sources www.biology-online.org/dictionary/vacuole www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/cellstructure.htm library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

  35. Cytoskeleton By Rachel Quigley

  36. Function • Is a muscle and skeleton for movement and stability • Establishing cell shape • Provides mechanical strength

  37. Structure • Made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate fibers • Long fibers

  38. Location • Eukaryote • Fills the cytoplasm • Animal and plant cells

  39. Analogy • The cytoskeleton is a “track” for which cells can move organelles, chromosomes, etc.

  40. Cell Walls!! By: Cosimo Ferrante http://www.zastavki.com/eng/Nature/Plants/wallpaper-19089-18.htm

  41. Structure • Made of specialized sugars- Cellulose • Cellulose is considered a complex sugar as it is used for protection and support. • Has a middle lamella, a primary wall and three layers of secondary walls. • The cell wall contains small holes in it that allow nutrients, waste and ions through • These holes are called plasmodesmata http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_wall.html

  42. Location • The cell wall is located around the outside of the cell membrane • Cellulose cell walls are only found in plant cells • Cell walls are found ineukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms

  43. Helpful Analogy • A cell wall is like a brick building that is strong and supportive. Like the doors and windows of a brick building cell walls have plasmodesmata to allow matter in and out.

  44. Cell Membrane Sandy Gautier Maddie Picher

  45. Function • When you think about a membrane, imagine it is like a big plastic bag with some tiny holes. • This holds all of the cell pieces and fluids inside the cell and keeps any harmful things outside of the cell • Support • Protection • Controls movement of materials in/out of cell • Barrier between cell and its environment • Maintains homeostasis

  46. Structure • Compounds called proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane. • The phospholipids make the basic bag. The proteins are found around the holes and help move molecules in and out of the cell. • There is a bilayer of proteins. • Compare: • Gate/Guards/Prison http://wikis.engrade.com/cellpartsandfunctions1

  47. Location • Cell Membranes are found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Plants  inside cell wall • Animal  outer layer • Bacteria  outer layer http://jpsy2011.blogspot.com/2011/02/animal-cells-and-plant-cells.html

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