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Understanding Bases: Properties, Formulas, and Types in Chemistry

This concise guide provides an overview of bases in chemistry, detailing their properties, covalent formulas, and classifications. It highlights the differences between strong and weak bases, including common examples like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3), explaining how ammonia, despite lacking hydroxide ions, acts as a base. Key characteristics of bases, such as their taste, slippery feel, and ability to turn litmus paper blue, are also discussed. Learn about the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry definitions and the significance of amphoteric substances like water.

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Understanding Bases: Properties, Formulas, and Types in Chemistry

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  1. Topic: BASESDo Now:

  2. Topic: BASESDo Now:

  3. IDENTIFY a Base Covalent Formulas metal + OH (exception:NH3 it’s a base too) Table L CH3OH isNOTa base.WHY?

  4. Properties ofBases • Bitter taste • Slippery or soapy feeling • Electrolytes • NaOH Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) • React with acids to produce water and salt • Bases turn litmusblue

  5. Arrhenius Base • substance that contains hydroxide group & ionizes to produce OH-1 ions in aqueous solution NaOH(s)  Na+1(aq) +OH-1(aq)

  6. THERE IS A LIMITATION TO THIS MODEL… • NH3 is a base but it doesn’t contain OH-1 but it produces OH-1 :NH3 + H2O  NH4+1 + OH-1

  7. Bronsted-Lowry Base • Base = proton acceptor OH-1 is base • Not restricted to aqueous solution NH3 + H2O  NH4+1 + OH-1 NH3 is a base!

  8. Water is amphoteric! Amphoteric = Substance that acts as both acid & base

  9. NamingBases • Name the metal + hydroxide NaOH = ? Ca(OH)2 = ? Mg(OH)2 = ? Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide

  10. Not all bases are created equal • Strong bases 100% dissociate • Group 1 and Group 2 metals + OH are considered Strong bases • NaOH Na+(aq)+ OH-(aq) • Weak bases • NH3

  11. REVIEW • Acids: start with H or end with COOH • Produces H+ ions • Proton Donor • Bases: metal + OH • Produces OH- ions • Proton Acceptor

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