Journey into Electricity and Magnetism: A Fun Learning Experience

1. Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP Kevin Rolfe- Education Representative, Salt River Project Sarah Sleasman- 4th Grade teacher, Excelencia Elementary Robin Inskeep- STEM Coach, Tolleson School District

2. Introductions and logistics Basics of Magnetism Electromagnets Basics of Electricity Simple, Series, and Parallel Circuits Electricity Generation Wrap up and Resources Agenda

3. Basics of Magnetism

4. 1st Magnetism Activity • “Magnetic Characteristics” • Procedures: • Have students list small objects from the classroom or their desks and the material each is made from • Students predict whether or not they think that object will be attracted to a magnet • Test their predictions with a magnet

5. What is Magnetism? • Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickel • Can be permanent or temporary

6. Magnetism Basics Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit Magnetism N S • Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles • Opposite poles attract • Like poles repel All magnets have lines of force extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them

7. Magnetic Field Magnetic lines do not cross each other. The lines go from North to South on the magnet. Magnetic Lines of Flux N magnet S

8. N S N S Pulling Magnets Attracting Each Other

9. N S N S Pushing Apart Magnets Opposing Each Other

10. N magnet S 2nd Magnetism Activity • Magnetic Lines of Flux

11. The Earth is a Magnet

12. What are the characteristics? • North and south poles • “di”-poles • Break the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets • 3 dimensional field of attraction • Transfer magnetic properties

13. Magnetic Domains

14. Where do magnets come from? • Nature • Man-made materials from: • Ceramic • Alnico (aluminum, nickel, & cobalt) • Flexible rubber-like material • Created using current (electricity)

15. 3Rd Magnetism Activity • Make an electromagnet with: • Wire • Iron bolt or nail • Battery 1.5volts • Compass

16. Uses for Magnets in Everyday Life • Homes • Door bells • Microwaves • TV’s • Speakers • Hard Drive • Electricity • Schools • Whiteboard Magnets

17. 4th Magnetic Activity • Paperclip Pick-up • Procedures: • Students made predictions about how many paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc.) • Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their predictions (no stacking allowed!) • Students will see that surface area affects the amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s not simply additive!)

18. Magnetism Activities • “Magnetic Characteristics” • “Lines of Flux” • “Electromagnet” • “Paper Clip Pick Up” • Summarize findings & Review class worksheets

19. Basics of Electricity

20. Safety Note • Always be careful around electricity. • Make sure an adult is present during experiments and demonstrations using electricity. • Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less) • Take care to prevent shorts on batteries • Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same metal object (short) • Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use • Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these classroom demonstration. Use the batteries or generators.

21. Electricity Basics Electricity is….. • The flow of electrons • The energy supplied by batteries and generators (current electricity) • The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity) • A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)

22. All Matter is Made up of Atoms MATTER (Diamond, coal) ELEMENT (Carbon, Oxygen) ATOM (particles)

23. Atoms What is an Atom? • The smallest component in all things • Made up of three smaller particles • Protons (+) • Neutrons (no charge) • Electrons (-) • Strive for stability • Charged atom = ion

24. Particles with opposite charges attract each other. _ _ + + Opposites Attract Attraction

25. Stable atoms have equal protons and electron Stable atoms have no charge Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create stability +++ --- +++ -- ++ - - - Stable Atom Positive Ion Negative Ion Charged Atom (Ion)

26. Static Electricity • The imbalance of positive and negative charges • Example: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightning

27. + - + + - + - - + + - + + - - + - - Static Electricity • Start with a doorknob – no charge • Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged • Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away. - - - - - - -

28. + - - + - + - + + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. - - - - - - -

29. + - + - - + - - - - Static Electricity • When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. • Now you and the doorknob have the same charge. + + + +

30. 1st Electricity ActivitY • “Opposites Attract”

31. 2nd Electricity Activity • “Fun with Styrofoam and Tape”

32. Electricity & Ben Franklin Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) • 1740’s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges that maintain a balance except when influenced by some means. • 1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge. Led to his invention of the lightning rod.

33. Break

34. Current Electricity • Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atom • To start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. • Generator • Batteries

35. Simulating Electric Current

36. 3rd Electricity Activity • Demonstration of Electromotive Force • “Flow of Electrons”

37. Electricity Activities • “Flow of Electrons” • “Fun with Styrofoam” • Demonstration of Electromotive Force • Summarize Results & Review Class Worksheets

38. Electric Circuits

39. What is a circuit? • A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through. • Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positive

40. Make a Simple Circuit • Procedure: • Give students materials to make a circuit and allow them to explore connecting them in different ways to make the light bulb light • Allow students to find all the ways they can make the light bulb light • Discuss what are the necessary components of a circuit. 1st Circuit Activity

41. What makes a simple circuit? • A simple circuit consists of: • A source - battery or generator • Conductors (path for current to flow) • An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnet

42. Open Circuit Closed Circuit • A break in the pathway • Electricity cannot flow • A complete pathway • Electricity is able to flow Open and Closed Circuits

43. Circuit Balls

44. 2nd Circuits Activity Conductor vs. Insulator Experiment

45. Conductors • Materials that pass electricity easily • Examples: • Copper • Silver • Gold • Aluminum • All other metals

46. Insulators • Materials that resist electricity flow • Examples: • Wood • Rubber • Porcelain • Glass • Air • Cloth • Paper

47. Voltage and Current

48. Voltage & Current • Voltage • Electric potential difference between two points • Pushes electrons • Measured in Volts • Supplied by batteries, generators (electric outlets), fuel cells, etc. • Current • Flow of electrons • Measured in Amps • 1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second (Coulomb)

49. Pressure Pressure Voltage is like Pressure Water • Higher pressure pushes water to flow faster • You can have pressure without flow Electricity • Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current) • You can have voltage without current

50. Flow Flow Current is like water flow Water • Flow of water • The pressure determines how fast the water moves through the pipe • There is no water flow without pressure Electricity • Flow of electrons • The voltage determines how fast the electrons move through the wire • There is no current without voltage