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CRITICAL ANALYTICAL THINKING (Moderated cynicism)

CRITICAL ANALYTICAL THINKING (Moderated cynicism). Research Methods. Critical analytical thinking …. is not believing everything you read or disbelieving everything you read … but, by trying to be objective, … striking a balance between the two. Information sources. Journal papers

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CRITICAL ANALYTICAL THINKING (Moderated cynicism)

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  1. CRITICAL ANALYTICAL THINKING(Moderated cynicism) Research Methods

  2. Critical analytical thinking … • is not believing everything you read • or disbelieving everything you read • … but, by trying to be objective, … • striking a balance between the two

  3. Information sources • Journal papers • Conference papers • Books • Media (TV, radio, newspapers, etc.) • Internet (WWW) • How would you rank these in terms of being reliable/trustworthy or up-to-date?

  4. The critical analytical thinker … • doesn’t believe everything they read • doesn’t disbelieve everything they read

  5. The critical analytical thinker … • questions everything that doesn’t make sense to them • questions some things even though they do make sense to them • rereads material when they think they may have missed something

  6. The critical analytical thinker … • considers the type of material they are reading before evaluating it • considers the context of material when they interpret what they read • considers the audience for whom the writing was intended

  7. The critical analytical thinker … • tries to determine the author’s purpose in writing • decides whether they think the author has accomplished their purpose

  8. The critical analytical thinker … • recognises that the author’s attitude will influence what they write • recognises that the effect on them of what the author writes may be caused more by the author’s style of writing than the facts presented

  9. The critical analytical thinker … • analyses arguments

  10. The critical analytical thinker … • recognises, in the case of an argument, whether or not the opponent’s viewpoint has been refuted • recognises unsupported opinions or allegations • recognises conflicting information and inconsistencies • discounts arguments based on poor reasoning

  11. The critical analytical thinker … • recognises and understands metaphors, figures of speech, idioms, colloquialisms and slang • recognises the connotations (implicit meaning) as well as the denotations (actual meaning) of words

  12. The critical analytical thinker … • distinguishes between what the author really says and what they might seem to say • distinguishes among humour, sarcasm, irony, satire and straightforward writing

  13. The critical analytical thinker … • distinguishes between necessary inferences and probable (or possible) inferences • recognises actual or intended implications of statements made • recognises assumptions which are implicit in the author’s statements

  14. The critical analytical thinker … • distinguishes fact from opinion and objective writing from subjective writing • doesn’t misinterpret given data

  15. When do I do this? • All of the time? • When I feel like it? • Try to practice it at first so that eventually it comes naturally • Start with a couple of (silly) exercises …

  16. Exercise 1 Little Jack Horner sat in a corner Eating a Christmas pie He put in his thumb and pulled out a plum And said, “What a good boy am I!” Discuss the following statements …

  17. Exercise 1 Jack Horner was little “True” is OK but “can’t tell” is better (“little” can be used as an absolute or comparative term)

  18. Exercise 1 Jack was sitting in the corner while he was eating “True” is correct. There is no other interpretation to the words (and tenses)

  19. Exercise 1 Jack was eating a plum pie “Can’t tell” is correct. It may have been but it may have been an apple pie, which unexpectedly contained a plum. Otherwise, why is he making such a fuss about it?

  20. Exercise 1 Jack was standing in the corner “False”

  21. Exercise 1 Jack was sitting on a chair “Can’t tell”

  22. Exercise 1 Jack was a good boy “Can’t tell” He said he was a good boy but maybe he’s mistaken or he’s a liar

  23. Exercise 2 There was an old woman who lived in a shoe. She had so many children she didn’t know what to do. Discuss the following statements …

  24. Exercise 2 • The woman was old • The woman was small • The woman’s children lived in the shoe with her • The woman didn’t really live in a shoe but her house was so small that she called it a shoe • The woman had a pet cat

  25. Homework … • Read an academic paper • Read a government white paper • Watch TV • Read The Times/The Sun • Listen to Radio 1/Radio 4 • Watch “How to Get Ahead in Advertising” • http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097531/ • (not essential but good for a laugh) • Read the last thing you wrote!

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