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BLUE CARD!!!! 

BLUE CARD!!!! . 1. Choose a species of animals that Darwin observed and EXPLAIN the adaptation. 2. I.D. and EXPLAIN someone or something that influenced Darwin in his beliefs. NOTE: Did I mention EXPLAIN……. Evolution. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Australopithecus 3.5 MYA.

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BLUE CARD!!!! 

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  1. BLUE CARD!!!! • 1. Choose a species of animals that Darwin observed and EXPLAIN the adaptation. • 2. I.D. and EXPLAIN someone or something that influenced Darwin in his beliefs. • NOTE: Did I mention EXPLAIN……

  2. Evolution Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

  3. Australopithecus 3.5 MYA

  4. Neanderthal Man 80-50 TYA

  5. Charles Darwin • English • Born 1809 • HMS Beagle - 1831 • Naturalist • Very Religious

  6. Darwin’s Observations • Animals and plants were well adapted • Diverse reproductive strategies • Puzzled by location of animals • Rabbits in Argentina, not in Australia • Fossils • similar, dissimilar, Extinction

  7. The Beagle’s Journey

  8. Giant Tortoises of the Galápagos Islands Section 15-1 Pinta Tower Marchena Pinta IslandIntermediate shell James Fernandina Santa Cruz Isabela Santa Fe Hood Island Saddle-backed shell Floreana Hood Isabela Island Dome-shaped shell

  9. The Galapagos Islands Climate variation throughout Intermediate Shell Domed Shell Large rainfall Saddle backed Shell Desert

  10. Saddleback long neck, curved shell, found on Hood Island, desert like Dome Shaped shorter neck, domed shell, lush vegetation, covers the ground, Isabela island Tortoises of the Galapagos

  11. Finches Many different varieties in different locations

  12. Journey Home • Animals and plants varied a great deal from island to island • Did the organisms on different islands belong to the same species? • Was the ancestor from S. America?

  13. Influences on Darwin • Fossil Record

  14. James Hutton - 1785 • Earth - millions of years old, not 5700

  15. Charles Lyell - 1833 • Past events are explained by the processes that scientists can see today. • Made observations of Niagara Falls

  16. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck - 1809 • Proposes 1st theory of evolution • use vs. disuse • acquired traits are passed on • leads to changes in species

  17.  Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution

  18. Thomas Malthus - 1798 • Economist - unchecked population growth leads to a lack of space and food Frog Eggs - What detemines survival?

  19. Artificial Selection • Farmers and breeders • Selective Breeding

  20. On his return • Marries Emma Wedgwood (1st cousin) • Has 10 children, 3 die before adulthood, many have medical issues (why do you think?) 3 sons are knighted.

  21. 1836-1859 • Family • Illness • Atolls • Barnacles • Charles Lyell

  22. 1858 • 1858 - On Charles Lyell’s advice begins writing up his views for a book to be called Natural Selection.

  23. 1858 (June) • Receives letter from Alfred Wallace • He is collecting specimens in Indonesia. • Shared with Lyell

  24. Darwin’s View - On the Origin of the Species - 1859

  25. The Origin of Species • Natural Selection • Survival of the Fittest • Struggle for Existence • Descent with Modifications

  26. Darwin’s Evidence of Evolution • Fossil Record • Distribution of Living Species • Homologous Body Structures • Embryo Development

  27. Fossil Record • Information of past life, including structure of organisms and the order in which they lived

  28. Fossils Provide Insight to the Past

  29. Natural Variationpassed on to future generations

  30. Struggle for Existence

  31. Survival of the Fittest - (Natural Selection) • Individuals that are best suited for their environment have high levels of fitness and therefore survive and reproduce

  32. Adaptations - physical characteristics or behaviors Camouflage

  33. Descent with Modification • Species change overtime • All organisms share a common ancestor (common descent)

  34. Reviewing Darwin’s Theory • Variation • Large amounts of offspring • Competition • Struggle for Existence • Survival of the Fittest • Descent with Modification via Natural Selection • Common Decent How does evolution really work?

  35. Distribution of Living Species - I Unrelated organisms look similar because of common ecological conditions - Convergent Evolution

  36. Geographic Distribution of Living Species Beaver Beaver Muskrat Beaver andMuskrat Coypu Capybara Coypu andCapybara NORTH AMERICA Muskrat Capybara SOUTH AMERICA Coypu

  37. Distribution of Living Species - II Finches - all share a common mainland ancestor, differences are due to the environment

  38. Homologous Structures - same basic design, modifications

  39. Analogous StructuresSimilar Function/Looks different Wing of insect, bird, bat, and pterosaur

  40. Vestigial Organs - traces of homologous structures

  41. Embryo Development Embryonic Cells develop in the same group and similar patterns

  42. BiochemistryEx. Blood proteins, DNA, etc.

  43. Patterns of Evolution

  44. Divergent Evolution • Adaptive Radiation • Process by which a single species or group evolves into several different forms that live in different ways • Darwin’s finches • Hawaiian honeycreepers

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