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Grammatical Categories. Determiners (D). (1) The Determiner-Adjective Rule A Determiner points to the noun it goes with and who it belongs to; An Adjective gives background information about the noun. D has an N connected and points. Pre-D D Adj ____________________________
E N D
Determiners (D) (1) The Determiner-Adjective Rule A Determiner points to the noun it goes with and who it belongs to; An Adjective gives background information about the noun.
D has an N connected and points Pre-D D Adj ____________________________ quantifier all, both some, many, many, few half all, few(er), any, much, no, every, less, etc. article the, a demonstrative that, this, those, these possessive my, etc., NP's interrogative whose, what, which, etc. numeral one, two, etc. one, two, etc.
AUX helps other verbs (1) I am reading the book in my hand. (2) I have worked here for 15 years. • That reindeer maybe working too hard. • *I must a book. Not AUX (5) I have a book (6) I am a student
List of AUXs Have will, would Be can, could (get) shall, should may, might, must Ought to Need dare
C and other uses: after After she left, it rained. preposition after him as Fair as the moon is, it… degree adverb as nice Because Because she left, … -- before Before it snowed, it rained. preposition before me for I expect for you to do that. preposition for Santa if If she wins, that will be great -- so He was tired, so he went to sleep adverb so tired that I know that the earth is round. D that book when I wonder when it will happen. adverb He left when? while She played soccer, while he slept noun A short while
The Preposition-Complementizer-Adverb Rule • A Preposition introduces a noun (e.g. about the book); a Complementizer introduces a sentence (e.g. because he left); and an Adverb is on its own (e.g. She went out; and Unfortunately, she left).
All categories together Lexical N cloud, sun, love, kitchen, house V know, see, paint, swim Adj good, nice, friendly Adv actually, now, there, sometimes, where P to, from, on, in front of Grammatical D the, that, my, one, whose AUX may, have, be C and, that, because Pronouns Pron I, yourself, who, mine, someone
Find the D, AUX, and C MUnicycling is the act of riding a one-wheel bike off road. It is also known as Rough Terrain or All Terrain Unicycling and, in the past decade, has become the hottest trend around in the unicycling community. Off road terrain is, of course, uneven and mountains have gradients, rocks and other obstacles to get in the way of the intrepid unicyclist.
Pronouns • Personal: I, you, he, she, it, we, they and me, him, her, us, them • Reflexive: myself, yourself, … • Interrogative: who, whom, … • Possessive: mine
Pronoun vs D • Pronoun is on its own; D goes with N • What to do: (1) What would be solved if all chose two?
New words (from Merr-W) • bubblenoun . . . . 5 : a state of booming economic activity (as in a stock market) that often ends in a sudden collapse dead-cat bouncenoun [from the facetious notion that even a dead cat would bounce slightly if dropped from a sufficient height] (1985) : a brief and insignificant recovery (as of stock prices) after a steep decline • golden handcuffsnoun plural (1976) : special benefits offered to an employee as an inducement to continue service • headhunt . . . . transitive verb (1969) : to recruit (personnel and especially executives) for top-level jobs <was headhunted by three different firms> intransitive verb: to recruit personnel for top-level jobs
avatarnoun . . . . 4 : an electronic image that represents and is manipulated by a computer user (as in a computer game or an online shopping site) • convergence . . . . noun . . . . 4 : the merging of distinct technologies, industries, or devices into a unified whole • dot-commer . . . . noun (1997) : a person who owns or works for a dot-com • killer appnoun (1988) : a computer application of such great value or popularity that it assures the success of the technology with which it is associated; broadly: a feature or component that in itself makes something worth having • lurk . . . . intransitive verb . . . . 3 : to read messages on an Internet discussion forum (as a newsgroup or a chat room) without contributing information (as addresses, schedules, and notes)
anandamide . . . . noun [Sanskrit ānanda joy, bliss + English amide] (1992) : a derivative of arachidonic acid that occurs naturally in the brain and in some foods (as chocolate) and that binds to the same brain receptors as the cannabinoids (as THC) • barista . . . . noun [Italian, person working behind a bar, from bar bar (from English) + -ista 1-ist] (1982) : a person who makes and serves coffee (as espresso) to the public • Frankenfood . . . . noun [Franken- (as in Frankenstein) + food] (1992) : genetically engineered food • longneck . . . . noun (1978) : beer served in a bottle that has a long neck • wheatgrass . . . . noun (1668) : any of a genus (Agropyron) of perennial grasses including some which are important pasture, hay, or turf grasses [NB: dropped from C8 and added for C11]
Conclusion • Lexical and grammatical categories • N, V, Adj, Adv, P • D, AUX, C • Pronouns • D vs pronoun? • Adv vs P? • C vs P?
For fun • http://textalyser.net/
and I lately lost a preposition It hid, I thought, beneath my chair And angrily I cried, `perdition! Up from out of in under there.” Correctness is my vade mecum, And straggling phrases I abhor, And yet I wondered, “What should he come Up from out of in for?” (Morris Bishop)
