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Comprehensive Guide to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases in Plants

This guide delves into major bacterial and fungal diseases affecting plants, including Black leg (Erwinia sp.), Angular Leaf Spot (Pseudomonas syringae), Damping-off (Pythium sp.), Target Spot (Rhizoctonia solani), Collar Rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides). It covers symptoms, environmental influences, and effective control measures, such as monitoring nitrogen levels and using treatments like Streptomycin and Terramaster. Understanding these diseases can help in managing plant health efficiently.

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Comprehensive Guide to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases in Plants

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  1. Float Bed Disease

  2. Diseases - Bacterial Black leg - Erwinia sp. • Same as hollow stalk & barn rot (houseburn) • Black area at base of stalk (often splits stalk) • Ubiquitous • influenced by N fertility • Control • by monitoring fertility (not over 150 ppm N) • Streptomycin • Limited benefit

  3. Diseases - Bacterial Angular Leaf Spot - Pseudomonas syringae • Limited by leaf veins making spots angular in shape • More prevalent in outside beds exposed to rainfall • May be zonal on windward side of leaf • Control • Stretomycin

  4. Diseases - Fungal • Damping-off - Pythium sp. • Brown to black rot at base of plant and roots • Roots are often straw colored and hang limp down the tray when tray is held vertical • Water/soil borne fungi • Clean water source

  5. Pythium sp.

  6. Control Terramaster 4EC0.7 fl oz/100 gal Preventative1.4 fl oz/100 gal Curative Pythium sp.

  7. Possible Root Stimulation

  8. Terramaster 4EC controls growth of algae Source: W. Gutierrez & T. Melton, North Carolina State University, 2000

  9. Terramaster phytotoxicity - Shoots

  10. Phytotoxicity -Roots & Recovery

  11. Does Terramaster Cause Premature Bloom?

  12. Diseases - Fungal • Target Spot - Rhizoctonia leaf spot - Rhizoctonia solani • Small water-soaked spot initially • Concentric circles or target • Favored by • low fertility • Rainfall dilution of outside bed • Reduction of N to slow plants • Maturity

  13. Target Spot

  14. Target Spot - Control • - Dithane • 1 tsp/gal using 3 to 12 gals per 1000 sq ft or 400 trays depending on size of plants.Start when plants are at least the size of a dime • Carbamate • 1.5 to 3 tsp/gal using 3 to 12 gals per 1000 sq ft or 400 trays depending on size of plants. • Leaves black residue/easy to see

  15. Sore shin Rhizoctoniasolani • Reddish-brown sunken lesions on stem of plants • Can come from target spot infections • See above

  16. Collar rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum • Small black-brown (straw colored) lesion at base of plant that may increase in size to encircle plant, killing plant • May spread into leaves • Noticed as softball sized dead area • White mycelium • Sclerotia

  17. Collar rot - Sclerotinia

  18. Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporoides • Small, light green, water-soaked pinpoint spots that enlarge to oily circular spots up to 3 mm in size • develop into thin, papery, gray-white • Known to spread from grasses • Control • Sanitation • Same for Target Spot

  19. Anthracnose

  20. Tray sterilization • Contaminated trays • New trays versus old • Bleach 10% • Steam • much reach 140o F for 30 min • 180o F damages Trays • Methyl Bromide • Cheap • Quick • Dangerous • Temperature dependent • Environmental concerns

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