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The Future of Flavour Physics

The Future of Flavour Physics. Introduction/Overview Flavour Physics beyond 2015 New Physics in CP violation New Physics in rare decays Leptonic Decays Charm Lepton Flavour Violation Super Flavour Factories SuperB in Italy Super-KEKB in Japan LHCb Upgrade @ LHC Conclusions.

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The Future of Flavour Physics

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  1. The Future of Flavour Physics • Introduction/Overview • Flavour Physics beyond 2015 • New Physics in CP violation • New Physics in rare decays • Leptonic Decays • Charm • Lepton Flavour Violation • Super Flavour Factories • SuperB in Italy • Super-KEKB in Japan • LHCb Upgrade @ LHC • Conclusions Franz Muheim University of Edinburgh Higgs Maxwell workshop Royal Society of Edinburgh, 4th Feb 2009 F. Muheim

  2. Nobelprize 2008 "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature“ • CKM mechanism is Standard Model of Flavour Physics • predicted and experimentally confirmed • Is there need/phase space for New Physics? Makato Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa F. Muheim

  3. New Physics in Flavour Sector Additional sources of CPV required in quarks or leptons to explain matter/antimatter asymmetry No clear path to New Physics “It’s difficult to make predictions, especially about the future” Why Supersymmetry? Intrinsic beauty Hierarchy/naturalness problem Unification of the gauge couplings Predict light Higgs < 150 GeV As suggested by precision electroweak data Cold dark matter Essential ingredient in string theory (?) Guiding Principles From John Ellis Yogi Berra, Niels Bohr or Mark Twain F. Muheim

  4. Status of Particle Physics in ~2015 • LHCb • will have taken over the baton of flavour physics • may or may not observe New Physics beyond Standard Model • Flavour physics will constrain New Physics models • ATLAS, CMS, Tevatron • will discover Standard Model Higgs (if it exists) • may or may not observe New Physics beyond Standard Model • Particle Physics Branch point • Discovery or not of NP at TeV scale • New Physics beyond the Standard Model • will contribute to flavour observables • Better flavour physics sensitivity will be requiredto measure/probe New Physics flavour structure F. Muheim

  5. B-factories Tevatron LHC LHCb Upgrade SuperB (Italy) SuperKEKB (Japan) Upgrade edargpU ATLAS From Past to Present to Future F. Muheim

  6. ? ? s s – Bs-Bsoscillations Probing New Physics in Bs Mesons • Flavour Changing Neutral Currents • NP appears as virtual particles in loop processes • leading to observable deviations from SM expectations in flavour physics and CP violation( ) • New Physics in Bs Oscillations described by Supersymmetry New Physics Standard Model Bs  penguin decay F. Muheim

  7. Limits on New Physics from B0 “Next to minimum flavor violation” • Is there NP in Bo-Bo mixing? • Assume NP in tree decays is negligible • Existing Measurements • Vub, Vcb, angles a, sin2b, g,Dmd ... • All quantities expressed as functions of CKM parameters h & r • Fit to h, r, Re(Dd), Im(Dd) • Caveat: only 68% CL regions are shown due to large errors Im(Dd) Re(Dd) Jérôme Charles, Capri, June 2008 • Large Range of NP still allowed F. Muheim

  8. Similar study for Bs decays including Ms and s measurements from CDF and DO Limits much weaker phase in Bs mixing s is not well measured yet Caveat: only 68% CL regions are shown due to large errors Latest results on s Large central values SM prediction close to zero SM CL is at 7% Limits on New Physics from BS Im(Ds) Re(Ds) • New Physics could be around the corner! F. Muheim

  9. B Mixing - box diagrams s = -2s is the analogue of s = 2 Measure CPV asymmetry in Bs→J/ Oscillation period well measured by CDF CDF and D0 study Phase 2βs is 2.2σ away from SM prediction SM prediction s = 0.0368±0.0017 (CKMfitter 2007), Large central value LHCb prospects In 0.5, 2 and 10 fb-1 sample Expected yield 60k BJ/ events / fb-1 Sensitivity (s) ~ 0.06, 0.03 and 0.01 Small theoretical uncertainty Limits on New Physics from BS F. Muheim

  10. Probe New Physics in CPV • In Bd hadronic penguin decays • BdKSandBdJ/KShave same weak phase • S(KS) = sin2eff - sin2 • S (KS)  0.23±0.18 • Non MFV New Physics if S ≠ 0 (+ 0.02 correction) F. Muheim

  11. In Bs hadronic penguin decays BsJ/ andBs have same weak phase up to O(2) correction SM prediction cancels mixing term S(Bs) is exactly zero S() = S(Bs) - S(BsJ/) S() not measured expect S(KS) ~ S() Non MFV New Physics if S, S ≠ 0 CPV Sensitivities SUSY predicted range S(KS) Allowed region in general G.L.Kane et al., PRD70, 035015 (2004) and private communication with J. Park. Probe New Physics in CPV Masashi Hazumi Caltech, Oct 2007 F. Muheim

  12. d d Bd K* m g m b s Rare Decays - B0 K*0m+m- • Flavour Changing Neutral Current Decay • in SM: b  s electroweak penguin • NP diagrams could contribute at same level • Forward-backward asymmetry • AFB(s) in the  rest-frameis sensitive NP probe • zero of AFB(s) depends on Wilson coefficients C7eff/C9eff • e.g. sensitive to Extra Dimensions • LHCb Sensitivity • 7.2kevents / 2fb–1 • With 10 fb–1 data sample zero of AFB(s) located to±0.27 GeV2 (7%) • determine C7eff/C9eff F. Muheim

  13. SM NLO MSSM tan=5 MSSM tan=5 B0 K*0m+m- Angular Distributions CERN-LHCb-2007-059 • Transversity amplitudes • Fit to full angular distributions (K-, m-, f ) with transversity amplitudes (A, A//, A0) • Longitudinal polarisation FL • Asymmetry AT(2) • Verysensitive NPprobe • LHCb sensitivity • q2 region AT(2), FL[GeV2]0.05 -1.00 0.07 0.0111.0 – 6.0 0.16 0.007 • LHCb Upgrade • Full angular analysiswith precision to disentangle differentNP scenarios Longitudinal polarization FL Asymmetry AT(2) Lunghi & Matias JHEP 0704(2007)058 Points LHCb 2 fb-1 F. Muheim

  14. Current status many measurements on bs measurements of Br(B) measurement of direct CP asymmetry in exclusive and inclusive modes SuperB factories Also measure B K*ll, Xsll Measure BK Rare Decays – Radiative Penguins Significant improvement on bdg ACP in inclusive decay at ~0.5% ! (SM~0.5%) CP and FB asymmetries in sll exclusive and inclusive decays at few per cent F. Muheim

  15. Photon polarisation in Bs • SM expectations • C = Adir = 0 direct CP-violation • S = Amix = sin2 sin • A = sin2 cos • Expected signal yield • 55k for 10 fb-1 • Expected Sensitivity (untagged) • (A) = (sin2) = 0.09 for 10fb-1assuming cos1 • (Amix) = 0.05 b   (L) + (ms/mb)  (R) V-A: SM mainly left-handed CERN-LHCb 2008-147 Muheim, Xie and Zwicky Phys.Lett.B664:174-179,2008. F. Muheim

  16. Rare Decays - Bs m+m- • Super rare decay in SM • With well predicted BR(Bs  µµ) = (3.55±0.33)×10-9 • Sensitive to NP in MSSM • BR  tan6 / M4A • Best present limit is from CDF: • BR(Bs  µµ) < 4.7×10-8 @ 90% CL • Signal yield • For SM prediction LHCb expects 8 signal and 12 background events in the most sensitive bin in 2 fb-1 • Background is dominated by semileptonic decays of other b quark • Sensitivity • 3 evidence with 2 fb-1 • 5 observation with 6fb-1 • ATLAS and CMS will also search for this mode CDF F. Muheim

  17. Btn: Future Prospect 50ab-1 Charged Higgs Mass Reach (95.5%CL exclusion @ tanb=30) Only exp. error (DVub=0%, DfB=0%) Mass Reach (GeV) DVub=2.5%, DfB=2.5% DVub=5%, DfB=5% Luminosity(ab-1) F. Muheim

  18. Effects of CP Phases in MCPMFV • Bs  • Bu  Different regions allowed for different phases … • … and hence • ACP in • b  s • b  s F. Muheim JE + Lee + Pilaftsis, arXiv:0708.2078

  19. CKM angle  • “Standard candle” of CKM mechanism • Measure angle  from interfering tree decays • which are generally insensitive to new physics • Together with Vub (hard!) can fix apex of unitarity triangle • Compare with loop measurements • sin2, ms and md • Sensitive to new physics • Sensitivity on  • LHCb 2 - 3o • SuperB 1 – 2o • LHCb upgrade 1o Improved Lattice QCD precision required Ulrik EgedeF. Muheim

  20. Charm Physics CERN-LHCb-2007-049 • Dedicated D*+ trigger • Huge sample of D0h+h– decays • Tag D0 or anti-D0 flavourwith pion from D*±  D0 ± • Used for calibration of particle id • Measurements and searches • sensitive to NP • Time-dependent D0 mixing • with wrong-sign D0K+– decays • Direct CP violation in D0K+K– • ACP 10–3 in SM, up to 1% (~current limit) with New Physics • Expect stat(ACP) ~ O(10–3) with 2 fb–1 • D0+– • BR  10–12 in SM, up to 10–6 (~current limit) with New Physics • Expect to reach down to ~510–8 with 2 fb–1 SuperB factories and LHCb upgrade can go further! F. Muheim

  21. Lepton Flavour Violation Sensitivities for SuperB at 75 ab-1 107 BR (tmg) SuperB M1/2 LVF and Littlest Higgs Model F. Muheim

  22. Physics Reach of SuperB F. Muheim

  23. Sensitivities Use theoretically clean observables not limited by theoretical or systematic uncertainties LHCb Upgrade Will provide a very powerful super flavour factory Probe/measure NP at percent level Physics Reach of LHCb Upgrade Sensitivities for integrated lumi of 100 fb-1 Also studying Lepton Flavour Violation in  EoI for an LHCb Upgrade CERN-LHCC-2008-007 F. Muheim

  24. Target: 5-8 × 1035 cm-2s-1 Luminosity F. Muheim

  25. SuperKEKB Overview http//belle.kek.jp/superb Peak luminosity : 8 1035/cm2/s (~50  present world record from KEKB) Integrated luminosity: 50/ab (~100 present world record from KEKB) F. Muheim Will reach 5-8 × 1035 cm-2s-1.

  26. Location Tor Vergata Campus (Rome II) Asymmetric e+e- collider Luminosity 1036 cm-2 s-1 75 ab-1 at the (4S) Crab waist Developed to achieve these goals SuperB http//www.pi.infn.it/SuperB http://events.lal.in2p3.fr/conferences/SuperB09/ F. Muheim

  27. Comparison of SuperB to Super-KEKB F. Muheim

  28. muon Event Yield hadron Luminosity [1032] LHCb Upgrade Strategy https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCb/LHCbUpgrade • What is LHCb Upgrade? • Upgrade the detectors and trigger such that LHCb can operate at ten times the design luminosity, namely at ≥ 2x1033 cm-2s-1 • Current LHCb experiment • L0 trigger bandwidth cannot exceed 1.1 MHz • At 2x 1033 cm-2s-1 rate of interesting hadron clusters with ET > 2 GeV is ~25 MHz • Strategy • Use existing Accelerator (LHC) • Make use of large b, c and  cross section at • A first level detached vertex triggerwill at least double the trigger efficiency for hadron channels • Implemented by reading out data from all detectors at 40 MHz • Significant gains possible F. Muheim

  29. LHCb Upgrade Strategy https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCb/LHCbUpgrade • LHCb Upgrade Phase 1 • Upgrade all front-end detector electronics to 40 MHz • Replace all Silicon detectors: VELO, TT, IT • Replace RICH photon detectors • Operate LHCb at 1x1033 cm-2s-1 • Increase hadron data sample by factor ~10 • reach detector design lumi of ~20 fb-1 (except VELO) • Timescale ~ 2014 • LHCb Upgrade Phase 2 • Upgrade all detectors such that LHCb can operate at a luminosity of at least 2x1033 cm-2s-1 • Operate at highest possible luminosity for five years • Timescale ~ 2018 • LHC high Luminosity upgrade (SLHC) • Upgrade LHC luminosity to 8 x 1034 cm-2s-1, also in two phases • Two-step approach consistent with LHC schedule • LHCb upgrade does not require SLHC F. Muheim

  30. Status of Super Flavour Factories • SuperB • 2007 Conceptual Design Report submittedwith UK participation • 19 Dec 2008: A Super Flavor Factory for Rome: green light from INFN towards the SuperB TDR • Super-KEKB • 2004 Letter of Intent • 2008 project on KEK Roadmap • 2009 Belle@KEKB will stopuse budget for SuperKEKB? • LHCb Upgrade • 2008 Expression of Interest submitted to LHCC • 2008 LHCC has set up reviews for LHC upgrades • 2008 LHCb UK groups have submitted Statement of Interest to STFC • If you are interested, please contact me at f.muheim@ed.ac.uk F. Muheim

  31. Conclusions • Better Flavour Physics will be required beyond 2015 • Study flavour structure of New Physics discovered at LHCor probe NP at even higher mass scale • Supersymmetry offers new CPV mechanisms • New CPV phases • Rates and direct CP asymmetries in rare decays • LHC (ATLAS, CMS and LHCb) • Will hopefully find NP at TeV scale • Will answer question of where to go, and open up new puzzles • Tevatron is providing early input • Super Flavour Factories • SuperKEKB and SuperB are e+e- colliders, need to built new accelerator • LHCb Upgrade, need to improve detector • Will explore or elucidate NP at percent level F. Muheim

  32. Backup Slides F. Muheim

  33. experiment upgrade experiment + upgrade experiment + upgrade construction experiment + upgrade Detector R&D KEK Roadmap 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 • J-PARC construction experiment + upgrade Very Preliminary • KEKB • LHC • PF/PF-AR • R&D for Advanced Accelerator and Detector Technology ERL construction test experiment C-ERL R&D PF-ERL R&D construction experiment ILC ILC R&D F. Muheim construction

  34. S. Stone Super B factory and Super-LHCb Sensitivity Comparison ~2020 Super-LHCb 100 fb-1 vs Super-B factory 50 ab-1 SuperB numbers from M Hazumi - Flavour in LHC era workshop; LHCb numbers from Muheim Bs • This plot is made • by our LHCb friend. • LHCb: 10/fb • Super-LHCb: 100/fb • LHCb • Super B Common Quite complementary to each other ! No IP Neutrals,  F. Muheim Preliminary

  35. LHCb Upgrade Status • Expression of Interest for an LHCb Upgrade • Submitted to LHCC on 22nd April 2008document CERN/LHCC/2008-007, available on CDShttp://cdsweb.cern.ch/search?id=1100545 • LHCC has set up reviews for upgrades (all LHC experiments) • R&D has started, e.g. for the 40 MHz readout electronics and a radiation hard vertex detector • Status in the UK • UK groups are leading LHCb upgrade effort (LHCb upgrade and Vertex co-ordinator) • Mainly focused on vertex (VELO) and RICH detector upgrade and physics/trigger optimisation • All LHCb groups about to submit an Statement of Interest to STFC, followed by a bid for R&D resources to PPRP • If you are interested, please contact me at f.muheim@ed.ac.uk • More information available at • https://twiki.cern.ch/twiki/bin/view/LHCb/LHCbUpgrade F. Muheim

  36. Probe New Physics in CPV Sensitivity Do we need with 10 fb-1 100 fb-1 ? • NP in box diagrams • s from BsJ/ (s) ~0.010 Yestheor ~ 0.002 • NP in hadronic penguins • S() from Bs (S()) ~ 0.05 Yeshas best sensitivity • S(KS) from BdKS(S(KS)) ~ 0.10 Yestheor ~ 0.01 • NP in radiative penguins • Photon polarisation (A) ~0.09 Yesin Bs  (Amix) ~0.05 theor ~ 0.01 F. Muheim

  37. Probe NP in Rare Decays Sensitivity Do we need with 10 fb-1 100 fb-1 ? • NP in electroweak penguins • Bs →K*(AT(2)) ~ 0.16 Yes • Bs→  >5 observation if SM Yes (Bd →) • Charm Physics • D0 → K, KK,  measured CP asymmetries YesD0 → K, KK approach SM predictions • Lepton Flavour Violation •  →  BR ~ O(10-8) Yes F. Muheim

  38. Tsukuba F. Muheim

  39. Bunches are “long” (σz ~ 5 mm), “natural” aspect ratio σy /σx ~ 0.5% The collision region is short (Σz ~ 400 μm), very small aspect ratio Σy /Σx ~ 0.01 % Large Piwinsky angle F. Muheim

  40. F. Muheim

  41. Crab waist: modulation of the y-waist position, particles collides at same βy realized with a sextupole upstream the IP. Minimization of nonlinear terms in the beam-beam interaction: reduced emittance growth, suppression of betatron and sincro-betatron coupling Maximization of the bunch-bunch overlap: luminosity gain Crab Waist F. Muheim

  42. VELO → VESPA • VErtex LOcator replacement called VESPA • Solution for first upgrade phase • Keep mechanical structure and silicon sensors layout • Replace FE chip with 40 MHz readout • This device will be rad hard to ~20 fb-1and will collect data until 2017 • Solution for phase 2 upgrade • Should add to detector capabilities • better resolution lower occupancy (Pixels/3D detectors) • Possible magnetic field to improve trigger by taking advantage of improved pattern recognition • Remove bulky RF shield and replace with wires? F. Muheim

  43. RICH Upgrade • 40 MHz Readout • The readout chip is encapsulated inside the HPD • therefore all photon detectors will need to be replaced • Choice of Photo sensitive device • HPD with 40 MHz pixel chip • Vacuum PMTs - Flat-panel MaPMT, MCP • Si-photomultiplier • Choice must be made soon • FE electronics • development of pixel chip at 40MHz • or external front-end chip for commercial devices • Option for phase 2 • Remove RICH1, replace with ~few ps TOF? • Reduces material for tracking F. Muheim

  44. Bs+- in the CMSSM & NUHM1 • Small difference from Standard Model in CMSSM • Big increase possible in NUHM1 F. Muheim

  45. SM prediction New Physics in Bsm+m- MSSM SM SM • Highly suppressed in SM • Prediction BR(BSm+m-) = (3.86±0.15)10–9 • could be strongly enhanced in SUSY • Constrained MSSM • BR(BSm+m-) ~ tan6/MH2 • Predicts much largerBR(BSm+m-) ~ a few 10-9 to 10-7 • Muon anomalous magnetic moment g-2 • a = (25.2 ± 9.2) 10-10 (BNL) • disagrees with SM at 2.7 • predicts gaugino mass m1/2in range 250 - 650 GeV • Current best limit • from CDF+D0 is BR(BSm+m-) < 4.710–8 (95% CL ) BR(BSmm) 10-7 10-8 10-9 m1/2 [GeV] F. Muheim

  46. 10-7 2x10-8 (~0.05 fb-1) ATLAS 5x10-9 (~ 0.4 fb-1) Bs→μ+μ- Sensitivity at LHC CERN-LHCb-2007-033 • Event Yields • LHC expectations for Bs→μ+μ- • LHCb • ATLAS/CMS30 fb-1 (3 yrs) 3 evidence • New Physics Sensitivity • Competitive with direct searches 0.5 fb–1 exclude BR down to SM signal 2 fb–1 3 evidence of SM signal 10 fb–1 >5 observation of SM signal J.Ellis et al. arXiv:0709.0098v1 F. Muheim

  47. LHCb – first five years Accumulate 10 fb-1 data sample Sensitivities Weak mixing phase s in BsJ/If s>> 0  NP discovery NP search in rare decaysBs→μ+μ-down to SM level Bs probeNP in hadronic penguins Precision measurements of CKM angles sin2,  and  Significant improvement for angle  10 fb-1 data sample Probe/measure NP at 10% level LHCb Physics Prospects Sensitivities for integrated lumi of 2 fb-1 Flavour in the LHC era Buchalla et al., arXiv:0801.1833 F. Muheim

  48. Unitarity Triangle 2: Bdmixing phase -2s: Bsmixing phase : weak decay phase Im    Re 0 1 Im  -2s -s -s +s Re 0 F. Muheim

  49. The End F. Muheim

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