Discuss characteristics and treatment of common skin disorders.

1. Discuss characteristics and treatment of common skin disorders.

2. Disorders of the Skin ACNE • Common and chronic disorder of… sebaceousglands • Sebum plugs pores area fills with leukocytes • Also – blackheads, cysts, pimples and scarring missinglink.ucsf.edu/.../Acne_Vulgaris-B.jpg

3. ATHLETE’S FOOT • Contagious fungal infection!! • Usually contracted in public baths and showers. • Rx – antifungal agents like Micatin.

4. DERMATITIS • Non-specific inflammation of the skin • Can be a rash – reaction to soap, plants, etc. • Can also be emotional – stress can cause skin blotches

5. Eczema • Atopic dermatitis- chronic, noncontagious inflammatory  skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes. Suffers may lack certain proteins in the skin, which lead to greater sensitivity. • It may start as early as 2 to 6 months of age. • Many outgrow by early adulthood. • Tx by removing exposure to sausitive agents

6. Psoriasis • Chronic, inflammatory skin disease –passed down through families. Doctors think it probably occurs when the body's immune system mistakes healthy cells for dangerous substances. Onset triggered by stress, trauma or infection. • Dry, red patches with silvery scales on elbows, knees, shin, scalp and lower back • most common between ages 15 and 35. • It is not contagious.

7. Three treatment options are available: • Skin lotions, ointments, creams, and shampoos. These are called topical treatments. • Pills or injections that affect the body's immune response, not just the skin. There are called systemic, or body-wide, treatments.  • Phototherapy, which uses light to treat psoriasis.

8. Herpes • Caused by a herpes simplex virus (HSV). Oral herpes causes cold sores around the mouth or face.  • Genital herpes affects the genitals, buttocks or anal area. • Other herpes infections can affect the eyes, skin, or other parts of the body.

9. There are two types of HSV: • HSV type 1 most commonly causes cold sores. It can also cause genital herpes. • HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it also can infect the mouth.

10. GENITAL HERPES • Viral • Blisters in the genital area • Spread through sexual contact • Periods of remission and exacerbation what does this mean? • Rx – Acyclovir • Can be passed to newborn during vaginal delivery •  An infected person can be contagious, even if he or she has no visible sores.

11. Ringworm Ringworm is common, especially among children. It is caused by a fungus, not a worm like the name suggests! Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus called tinea grows and multiplies on your skin. You can catch ringworm if you touch someone who has the infection. Tx = Apply over-the-counter antifungal meds that contain miconazole

12. Shingles • herpes zoster- is a painful, blistering skin rash • same virus causes chickenpox. • The first symptom is usually one-sided pain, tingling, or burning. The pain and burning may be severe and is usually present before any rash appears. • Tx = meds for pain and itching

13. Scabies • caused by mites thatburrow into the skin • common in nursing homes and child care centers. Symptoms include: • Itching, especially at night • Rashes, especially between the fingers • Thin, pencil-mark lines on the skin where the burrows are. TX = Prescription creams are applied all over the body The whole family of infected people should be treated.

14. Impetigo • Acute, contagious superficial skin disorder • Seen in infants and young children more often than adults • Caused by bacteria- staph or strep • Vesicles rupture and develop yellow crust • TX = antibiotic creams and oral meds PRN

15. Warts • Small painless growths on the skin caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV) • warts can spread from one part of your own body to another. • Do NOT attempt to remove a wart yourself by burning, cutting, tearing, picking, or any other method. • Over-the-counter medications are available to remove warts. Do NOT use over-the-counter wart medications on your face or genitals. 

16. WHAT DOES HERPES LOOK LIKE? • HERPES IS CAUSED BY A VIRUS. CURRENTLY THERE IS NO CURE, ONLY TREATMENT. commons.wikimedia.org commons.wikimedia.org commons.wikimedia.org www.doctorspiller.com/.../Herpes_Blister.jpg

17. SKIN CANCER Associated with exposure to sun (UV rays) Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer.

18. Basal Cell Carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and accounts for more than 90% of all skin cancer in the U.S. These cancers almost never spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. They can, however, cause damage by growing and invading surrounding tissue.

19. Squamous cell carcinoma • Second most common type of skin cancer. Symptoms include a bump that turns in to an open sore (ulceration, reddish, flat spot that is sometimes crusty, a bump that gets larger and a sore that won't heal. • When left untreated, it can spread quickly to other parts of the body, like the lymphatic system, bloodstream, and nerve routes.

20. MALIGNANT MELANOMA • Occurs in melanocytes. • Metastasizes to other areas quickly. • Appears as brown or black,irregular patch that occurs suddenly. • A change in an existing wart or mole may indicate melanoma. • Rx – surgical removal of melanoma and surrounding area often with chemotherapy.

21. ALOPECIA – baldness bp0.blogger.com/.../Albinisitic_man_portrait.jpg www.healthtip.info/.../08/hair-loss-alopecia.jpg home.clara.net/.../family/Albinism/Bianca_hd.jpg askjimblog.blogspot.com • ALBINISM • absence of melanin

22. BURNS Caused by radiation, sun, boiling water, chemicals, fire or electricity

23. RULE OF NINES Measures percent of body burned. Body divided into 11 area, each is 9% of body surface. See next 2 slides 

24. Rule of Nines www.doereport.com/imagescooked/1971W.jpg

25. Rule of Nines for Infants myhealth.ucsd.edu/.../medical/hw/h5551004.jpg

26. FIRST DEGREE • Superficial • Skin red and dry • Involves only epidermis • Rx – cool water • Healing within one week balanceindiet.com/.../2007/07/sunburn2.jpg

27. 1st 2nd 3rd

28. SECOND DEGREE • Epidermis and dermis • 2 = second degree • Pain, swelling, redness and blistering • Skin may be exposed to infection • Rx – pain medication, dry sterile dressing • Healing within 2 weeks www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/node_36/node_...

29. THIRD DEGREE • Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers. All 3= 3rd degree • Symptoms – loss of skin, blackened skin • May be life threatening Painless, charred tissue, missing tissue – eschar. Complete destruction of epidermis and dermis. Tissue death usually extends down to subcutaneous layer and may even involve muscle tissue or bone. As the burned skin heals, it contracts and can distort the skin

30. Third degree burns involve all three layers of the skin. • Can you see why this patient is prone to infection and dehydration? Their first line of defense is gone!

31. Decubitus ulcers • 4 stages • Pressure sores create areas of injured tissue. • Caused by lying or sitting in one position for too long • The pressure reduces blood and O2 supply to the tissue- causing tissue damage. • Also called “bedsores”

33. Vitiligo Vitiligo is a common condition affecting 1-2% of people worldwide. Vitiligo is usually visible as a patch of white depigmented skin. The cells that normally produce skin pigment (melanocytes) are destroyed by vitiligo. The hair in areas affected by vitiligo may also turn white. The tendency to vitiligo is associated with autoimmune disease. A number of genetic diseases are also associated with vitiligo. The white skin patches can progressively spread to several areas of the body. There are established medical and experimental surgical treatments for vitiligo

34. So…the skin has 3 layers…epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous. Well not really that one. And…it has 7 jobs… it protects, regulates, makes Vit D, Senses, Stores, Screens, & Absorbs!!! I’m glad I have fur, because there sure are lots of skin disorders!