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Arthropod

Arthropod. Insects, spiders, crustaceans. Characteristics. Bilateral Hardened, jointed exoskeleton Complete gut Reduced coelom Specialized appendages Segmented cephalization. Six adaptations. Hardened exoskeleton Jointed appendages Specialized and fused-together segments

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Arthropod

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  1. Arthropod Insects, spiders, crustaceans

  2. Characteristics • Bilateral • Hardened, jointed exoskeleton • Complete gut • Reduced coelom • Specialized appendages • Segmented • cephalization

  3. Six adaptations • Hardened exoskeleton • Jointed appendages • Specialized and fused-together segments • Respiratory structures • Specialized sensory structures and organs • Specialized stages of development

  4. Movement • Exoskeleton – hard outer covering made of chitin or calcium carbonate • Many muscles are attached to inside to flex limbs, some (spiders) still use hydraulic pressure • Molting

  5. Circulatory • Open system • Common pigment is hemocyanin, few use hemoglobin

  6. Respiratory - Gills • Many aquatic arthropods (crabs and lobsters) have gills, which are typically modifications of appendages or outgrowths of the body wall - folds of tissue with a large surface area

  7. Respiratory -Tracheae • Gas exchange organs among terrestrial arthropods is usually internal; • Insects have tracheae,branching networks of hollow air conducting tubes such that air is sent to every cell in every tissue

  8. Respiratory - Book Lungs • Spiders have book lungs,chambers with leaf-like plates for exchanging gases; air flows over the plates and blood flows through them

  9. Digestive System • Divided into 3 main regions: foregut, midgut, and hindgut • Outpockets (e.g. digestive glands) increase the surface area for digestion and absorption

  10. Excretion • Many crustaceans possess an excretory organ called the green gland (antennal gland),which filters fluid from the blood • Most insects and spiders have a excretory system called malpighian tubules

  11. Reproduction • Sexes are separate • fertilization is external in aquatic forms • internal among the terrestrial forms

  12. Nervous system • Arthropods have a well-developed nervous system that is of the same overall design as the annelids; anterior brain and a double, ventral hollow nerve cord. • The sensory receptors of arthropods are usually associated with modifications of the chitinous exoskeleton • The head usually bears various kinds of sense organs (e.g. antennae) with extreme sensitivity

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