THANK YOU FOR YOUR INVITATION

1. THANK YOU FOR YOUR INVITATION • Thank you for inviting us, to Congo Democratic Republic and Katanga Region • Thank you University of Lubumbashi (UNILU) • A very high regard to Prof. Dr. CHABU MUMBA , the Rector of Lubumbashi University

2. Thanks to Dean • Kind regards to Dean of Faculties Letters and Sciences • Thanks to President of Communication Department • Thanks Prof. Jean-Chretien Ekambo • Thank you to scholars and students

3. Love from Turkey • I have kindest regards to you all. • I have brought you, love and greetings from Turkey.

4. COMMUNICATION EDUCATION and JOURNALISM inTURKEY Ayse Fusun Ozbilgen Galatasaray University Faculty of Communication ILAD General Secretary ILAD The Communication Research Association - Turkey

5. University of Galatasaray- Istanbul

6. The oldest newspaper in Turkey • Cumhuriyet Newspaper is 89. years old. • I worked for this newspaper more than 15 years as a journalist, writer and editor.

7. Newspapers in Turkey 2013 • 55nationalpapers • 23 regionalpapers • 2381localnewspapers 2454 papers in total 15 percent of the total circulationare on a dailybasis

8. Newspapers

10. A lot of magazines Weekly or monthly 3469 magazines : • Sector magazines, life style magazines, car, fashion, woman, PC, travel… UNFORTUNATELY ! Most are sources for entertainment news Nearly no “news magazine” on current issues and “literature”

12. TV CHANNELS • There may be up to 200 TV channels broadcasting in Turkey. local or national • A lot of channels broadcasting on web or satellite state or private • TV channels broadcast news, music, documentaries, religious programs, marketing programs …

14. JOB CRISIS • There are a lot of newspapers, magazines and TV channels PARADOX • 9000 journalists are jobless. • There is a big crisis in our sector.

15. DIGITAL WORLD IS BRINGING ABOUT THE CRISIS • Digital world has a lot of magazines, news web sites and blogs. Now the new TV channels are broadcasting on web only. New trend: - Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Ingstram : IN - Paper and TV : OUT • Young people never read newspapers. • They are using mobile devices.

16. History of Journalism Education • Journalism education was comparatively late, the first initiative dates back to 1947. • The head of the Association for Journalists asked the rector of Istanbul University to open an institute. • Consequently, Journalism Institute was founded under the Faculty of Economics. • Journalism education started in 1950 with 479 students.

17. No teachersfound • Finding an academician, to give lectures turned out to be the largest problem in the early years. • In those years, journalists were raised in the profession, with no education on journalism • Those hard early years of the Istanbul Journalism Institute continued until the establishment of the Istanbul Media College.

18. A school in Ankara,the capital city of Turkey • The second of such initiatives was in Ankara in 1962. • As a representative of UNESCO, our doyen Hıfzı Topuz met the Rector of Ankara University to open a School of Journalism. • Ankara Journalists Union were strongly asking for the teaching of contemporary mass media studies.

19. Communication Institute The decision, to build a “Communication School” within the Faculty of Political Science in Ankara University was taken according to suggesting several experts of UNESCO The School started its teaching in November 1965.

20. Faculty of Political Science, Ankara

21. Private Schools • Following the enactment of the Private Educational Organizations Law in 1965, the first Private Journalism School was opened in İstanbul in 1966 , Ankara and İzmir 1967 . • But those are closed today.

22. 60 Communication Faculties • Journalism schools transformed into Communication Faculties in the 90’s. • Nowadays there are about 60 Communication Faculties in Turkey. • There are 179 universities in Turkey now. • 109 State Universities • 69 Foundation Universities

23. Courses taught Some of the courses of study which are taught in Communication Faculties are: • Journalism and Web Broadcasting • Radio, TV and Cinema • Public Relations and Advertising • Communication Sciences

24. Two different approaches • We might say that Turkish universities have so far experimented with two different models of communication teachings: • The first is to educate the students to be an actor in the public sphere to closely follow the events in his country as well as worldwide. • And to help the students to harmonize themselves with the conditions in the globalizing world.

25. New communication trends The second model is almost totally oriented toward the demands of the market, the acquisition of new communication techniques and publicity trends. Globalization has been imposing the second model.

26. Looking for a job- after graduation • Students of Communication Faculty can do a Post Graduate and Doctorate degree. BUT • The students have to find work • There are NO journalism jobs because of big problems in the journalism and TV industry.

27. Journalism is going down… • In fact, journalism has lost the war against Digital both in the world and inTurkey. • Press Media transition to Digital. People under 30, do not read newspapers. • They prefer monitors or mobiles.

28. Crisis in circulation • The crisis hits not only Turkey but the whole world as well - For example: Well known papers, Newsweek and International Herald Tribune have closed down in this year.

29. Dividing audiences • Nowadays people read for different reasons because of different interests. Some are interested in political news but some areinto football news only. • Some like art news or economy news. Audiences aredivided on various interests.

30. The same news at multimedia • Main stream media use the same news. A big media capital groups are using the ‘pools of agencies’ news. Real journalist news is no more needed. • Real journalism is naturally expensive. Nobody needs real flashy news orscoops. • Journalism is in decline. • Journalism is either for fun or for manipulations.

31. Government, media & holdings • Relationship between government, media and capital groups usually affects the news. • These big powers can block some news and broadcast disinformation at times.

32. New generation use the Internet • As new generation do not believe the media and newspapers, they are receive the news on Twitter. • Governments could not block the Internet. • People are communicating by use of mobiles.

33. Comics: Twitter and Prime Minister

34. The Penguin media • This summer Turkey saw a big protest against the Government. • The news-channels did not show this protest on TV. They were televising a documentary program about penguins at the time. • Young generation are furious at the media nowadays. • The youth named those TV channels as “penguin media”.

35. Comics for Penguin

36. A view of Turkey’s media • 9ooo journalists lost their jobs. • 66 journalists are in prison. • The government influence the capital groups about their media policy and force the media to change hands.

37. Government oppression • Now we classified the media in Turkey: 1- Pro-Government media: They make reports with the same headlines. 2- The Media under Government’s oppression: (Media Holdings) 3- Free media

38. Free media in Turkey • Free media: 4- 5 newspapers and 2 - 3 TV channels. • But circulations are rapidly increasing. • They are suppressed by the government . Big punishments or penalties for the journalist are underway.

39. The owners of free media • These owners are not from big economic groups. So they are not much afraid about financial threats. • But they cannot find advertisement so they cannot earn money. Some journalists work there for not money, only to be against the government. • They work to cry out for freedom!

40. Comics: Papers and Police

41. 61 journalist assassinated • Over the last century, 61 journalists have been killed in our country. • The murders have not been captured yet. • In fact the real murders are known. • Journalists were assassinated by the “invisible government” – “ the deep government” • No serious investigations have been started about murders.

42. A Shotgun Slug at FreedomHıfzı Topuz wrote a book about assassinated journalists in Turkey.

43. New tech has changed media • New tech changed communication skills. • Not only journalists but also the men on the street can record the events and broadcast them online: YouTube, Facebook, Twitter. • That is why the journalism has changed with new technology. • Journalists take a lot of news from Twitter or Youtube as other people.

44. New tech communication means

45. New Media Education • In this media setting, how can we give our students journalism education? realistic or classic? • We have taught the classic rules about ethics. • But we have also trained the students about realistic media conditions.

46. Students are know media world • Students usually know the media conditions in Turkey well. • So they can learn what the conditions really are before they start to work in any media group.

47. Media debates • Because there are a lot of debates about the media in Turkey. • The politicians always fault the media for their own mistakes.

48. News flow in the global world • In the globalizing world, the flow of news is shaped by some powerful western countries. • All the news about the world countries is made by western television, press and magazine organizations.

49. News on Congo • For example, before I came to Congo Democratic Republic, I did a little research at the main stream media in Turkey about Congo news. • I could find only a few news articles about Congo. • Some of them are bad news : riot, rapes, war. …or some sports news...

50. Neo liberal policies made way for this change: • The media has undergone a dramatic transformation. • This transformation, changed the media system in Turkey. Particularly influence of globalization. • Thus, news is used for entertainment.