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Ch. 1.2- Earth Systems

This educational resource explores the fundamental concepts of Earth systems, including the definition of a system, the distinction between open and closed systems, and the four major spheres of Earth: hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. It explains how matter and energy interact and are transferred within these systems, emphasizing the importance of the water cycle in influencing each sphere. The interconnectedness of Earth's physical environment provides insights into how life exists and thrives on our planet.

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Ch. 1.2- Earth Systems

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  1. Ch. 1.2- Earth Systems

  2. Target #10- I can identify how an earth system is described • A system is an organized group of related objects or components that interact to create a whole • The operation of an Earth system is a result of interaction between the two most basic components of the universe • Matter & energy

  3. Matter & energy can be transferred • A system is described by the way energy is transferred within one system or between systems • Transfers are commonly accompanied by changes in the physical or chemical properties of matter Target #10- cont.

  4. Target #11- I can contrast an open and closed system • Open System • Both matter and energy are exchanged with the surroundings • Examples • Lake • Water enters the lake through rain and streams • Water exits through evaporation • Sunlight and air exchange heat • Closed System • Energy, but not matter, is exchanged with the surroundings • Example • Closed Jar • Light and heat can be exchanged through the jars sides • Matter can not exit or enter the system • Earth is mostly a closed system

  5. Target #12- I can list the 4 major spheres of Earth • The physical environment of Earth is traditionally broken into four major spheres • Hydrosphere • Atmosphere • Geosphere • Biosphere • Our environment is characterized by the continuous interactions of these spheres

  6. Target #13- I can describe the 4 spheres of Earth • Hydrosphere • Includes all of the water found on Earth • Surface & groundwater • 97% is salt water • 3% is fresh water • Only 1% of all fresh water is available for drinking • Streams, glaciers, and groundwater are responsible for supporting life and creating many of Earth’s physical features

  7. Atmosphere • A thin gaseous “envelop” surrounding Earth • If Earth were an apple, the atmosphere would be the skin • Most air is close to the surface • Extends up to 800 miles • The last 400 miles interact with space • Function • Provides the air we breathe • 78% nitrogen • 21% oxygen • 1%- argon, water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide • Exchanges energy between the surface and space Target #13- cont.

  8. Target #13- cont. • Geosphere • Includes all of the land found above and below the ocean • Not a uniform structure • Divided by composition • Crust, Mantle, Core • Layers are fluid, or move freely.

  9. Biosphere • Made up of all life forms • Zone of life extends from the ocean floor upward • Can go as high as several thousand feet above sea level • Organisms help maintain and alter their physical environment Target #13- cont.

  10. Identifying Relationships For each of Earth’s four spheres, describe one way that the water cycle affects the sphere.

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