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The Revival of Imperialism in the West

The Revival of Imperialism in the West. 590 – 880. Church History. Ca. 30AD. 590 AD. 1517 AD. Ancient Church History. Medieval Church History. Modern Church History. Reformation & Counter Reformation. Apostolic Church. The First Medieval Pope. Apostolic Fathers.

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The Revival of Imperialism in the West

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  1. The Revival of Imperialism in the West 590 – 880

  2. Church History Ca. 30AD 590 AD 1517 AD Ancient Church History Medieval ChurchHistory Modern Church History Reformation & Counter Reformation Apostolic Church The First Medieval Pope Apostolic Fathers The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism The Crusades Church Councils Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism Golden Age of Church Fathers The Papacy in Decline The Pre-Reformers ?

  3. Popes & the Rise of the Papacy One of many bishops equal in rank,power and function Early Church – 313 The Roman bishop came to be acknowledged as the 1st among equals 313 - 450 The roots of its authority lay originally in the location, wealth,and make-up of the Roman church. The church would later justify its claim to supremacy basedon the bishop’s succession to Peter. 450 - 590 Roman bishop began to claim supremacyover other bishops

  4. Gelasius I (492-496) Bishops In Rome Damasus I (366-384) 1st to call Roman bishop, “Apostolic See” Leo I “Leo the Great” (440-460) 1st to use “papas” pope 445 – Emperor Valentinian issued edict recognizing the supremacyof the bishop of Rome in spiritual affairs 452 & 455 – Barbarian Invasions Leo insists that all appeals from church courts be heard by hiscourt He defines orthodoxy in his work Tome He will write – God gives sacred/royal power to popes & kings, but since pope answered to God regarding the king, pope issuperior, and thus, rulers should submit to the pope

  5. Gregory I “Gregory the Great” (540-604) Bishops In Rome(cont’d) Born to a wealthy family 570 – made prefect of Rome Gives up his father’s fortune to build 7 monasteries in Italy 578-586 serves as the pope’s ambassador to Constantinople Return to Rome and made abbot of St Andrews Monastery 590 – Pope Pelagius dies in the plague and he is made Pope Great Achievements Expanded the power of the Roman bishop Exercise all the powers of later popes He exercised episcopal care over churches in Gaul, SpainBritian, Africa, & Italy. He appointed bishops & sent the “pallium” John the Foster of Constantinople

  6. Invocation of saints Bishops In Rome(cont’d) Missionary Work – particularly to Britian Able Administrator – able to raise an army against the Lombards Gregorian Chant Good Preacher – practical/ stressed humility, used allegory Prolific Writer Theologian “soften” Augustinianism – man didn’t inherit Adam’s guilt, but only his sin as a disease to which all are subject, taught freewill, predestination of the saved only, denied irresistible grace Taught purgatory Held to verbal inspiration of the Scriptures, but gave traditionequality. The Canon of the Mass – sacrifice of Christ’s body/blood

  7. Africa - South Europe - West Asia – East Till 1453 Greco-Roman Byzantine Empire Germanic kingdoms Pagan Franks Clovis - 496 Vandals Arian Visigoths Spain England Pagan Anglo-Saxons Charlemagne 800 Muslims 7th Century Otto’s Holy Roman Empire 962-1800 Empire falls to Muslims 1453 Roman Empire Breaks Up 476

  8. He converts to Christianity and all of his kingdom“follows his conversion.” Restoration of the Roman Empire The Franks 200’s – settled in Germany 300’s – became a Roman Ally 400’s – embraced Arian Christianity 481 – Clovis becomes king, conquers Gallo-Romans &Germanic tribes in present day France. He marries a Burgundian princes - Clotilda Clovis will establish the kingdom that will be used ofGod to preserve Western Christianity

  9. 1st Dynasty – Merovingian 2nd Dynasty - Carolingian Clovis Pepin the Short714-768 Pope Zacharias consecrated Pepin King Pope Zacharias – LombardsPepin defeated Arian Lombards 754 Donation of Pepin – Papal States Weak Rulerssupplanted by Mayors of Palace Pepin 570-639 Supported missionaries to pagans (Frisians, Hessians, Saxons) Charlemagne Charles the Great Charles Martel – Mayor 689-741 Battle of Tours - 732

  10. Important Consequences 1st Time a Pope had claimed apostolic authority involved the rightto dethrone a King & to grant it to another Severed link between Roman papacy & the Byzantine Empire Sealed military, political, & religious bond between the Franks & papacy Pepin gave papacy a huge independent state in Italy, transformingpopes into secular/governmental rulers as well as spiritual leaders.

  11. Charles the Great reigns 771-814 Creates the first great empire since Rome “The Moses of the Middle Ages” – led Germanic people out of barbarism by giving a new code of civil & ecclesiastical laws. He was 7 feet tall and had long flowing white hair, He love hunting, swimming, and riding, but hada real interest in culture – music & literature.

  12. Major Contributions of Charlemagne Military Conquest – 50 campaigns conquering Lombards in Italy,Muslims in Spain, expanding German frontier (Bavaria), defeatingpagan Avars in Hungary, and 18 campaigns over 30 years againstSaxons. Expand the kingdom. Forced conversions of enemy ended in 797. This established order during a period of barbarian chaos. Able Administrator – He had an unique gift in organization and administration that enable him to sustain a large empire.

  13. Carolingian Renaissance The monasteries became focal point of knowledge of culture in West Charlemagne recruited Alcuin from England to come and establisha palace school. This palace school carried on the Roman highereducation and was instrumental in Germanic people assimilating classical and Christian learning flowing out of the Roman empire. Alcuin in charge of all learning in the empire. 1. Language – developed our modern printed letters. 2. Literature – directed monk-scholars to preserve ancient works & established libraries to contain them. 3. The Bible – Revised the text of the Latin Bible 4. Education – established that every parish must have a school andencouraged the study of logic, philosophy, and literature.

  14. The Emperor of the Romans Pope Leo III was forced to flee Rome by factions in Rome. He fledto Charlemagne and Charlemagne returned with his army to supportLeo III. As a return favor, on Christmas Day, 800, Leo III crownedCharlemagne emperor while he was kneeling to receive communion. “To Charles Augustus, crowned by God, great and peace-making emperor of the Romans, long life and victory!” This made Charlemagne supreme ruler of the Western worldmuch to the dismay of the Byzantine emperors. Chiefly this made the King subservient to the pope, though he wouldfight this and seek to maintain control of the church in his kingdom.

  15. Religious Influence Charlemagne saw himself as the spiritual and political leader of hisempire. He would appoint all bishops in his kingdom. He reformed the monasteries by establishing a moral code of conduct.He forbid work on Sundays and made payment of tithes compulsory. He entered in a doctrinal debate by condemning Adoptionism whichtaught Christ had two natures. He took a middle position regarding icons, stating they should not be worship, but could adorn churches.He also supported the insertion of the “filioque clause” into the NiceneCreed which stated the Holy Spirit proceeded from the Father and the Son. He did this against the Pope and the Eastern Church.

  16. Augustianism Gottschalk 808 - 869 God, according to an unconditional decree out of his own freegrace, chooses some to whom he imparts the grace necessaryfor their conversion and leaves the rest to suffer the penalty ofthe law according to merit. Synod of Mayence 848 The elect are sure of salvation, whatever their conduct, and thatthe non-elect could have no opportunity. His views were condemned and He was scourged and imprisoned

  17. LESSONS FROM THE LIFE OF GOTTSCHALK • The doctrine of God’s absolute sovereignty over all • things has never been a widely popular doctrine due • to men’s sinful hearts. • We should beware of imbalance, tactlessness, and • a lack of moderation and charity in our zeal to promote the • biblical truths of the doctrines of grace. 3. Although the truth may appear to be compromised and “counciled” away by professing Christians, it cannot ultimately be destroyed or kept from triumphing, because it is God’s truth.

  18. A political structure is established to replace Rome and provide social structure. The Frankish kingdom supported orthodox Christianity. The intellectual emphasis preserved the classical & Christianheritage. Modern Europe is beginning to take shape. God’s moving to preserve His truth, His church, & His people.

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