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Animal Genetics. Natural Selection. an organisms ability to SURVIVE and pass on its GENETIC information to its offspring. Artificial Selection. HUMAN control over organisms passing on their GENETIC information. Heredity.
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Natural Selection • an organisms ability to SURVIVE and pass on its GENETIC information to its offspring.
Artificial Selection • HUMAN control over organisms passing on their GENETIC information.
Heredity • the POTENTIAL an organism has to show certain TRAITS due to its GENETIC information
Environment • the EXTERNAL conditions that affect the traits and PERFORMANCE of an animal
Environment vs. Heredity • An organism's traits and performance are a sum total of its ENVIRONMENT acting upon its GENETIC information.
Environment vs. Heredity • Some TRAITS are influenced more by an organism's ENVIRONMENT than by its GENETICS, while others are influenced more by genetics.
Heritability • The percentage that a trait is affected by its genetic information is called HERITABILITY. • A heritability factor of 0.0 means that a trait is influenced very little by genetic information • A heritability factor of 1.0 means that a trait is influenced very little by the environment.
Examples of Heritability • Birth Weight = .40 • Weaning Weight = .30 • Multiple Births = 0.0 - 0.10 • Dressing Percentage = .60
Adaptability • The ability of a BREED to become SUITABLE to specific environmental conditions
Type • a group of ANIMALS that are grouped together according to the PRODUCTS they produce • Examples -- Beef type cattle, Dairy type cattle, Wool type sheep, Mutton type sheep
Species • a group of ORGANISMS that have several common CHARACTERISTICS that differentiate them from others.
Scientific Names of Species • Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus • Sheep: Ovis aires • Swine: Sui suidae • Horse: Euquis caballus • Chickens: Galus galus
Breed • animals having a common ORIGIN and CHARACTERISTICS that distinguish them from other groups within the same SPECIES.
Purebred • individuals within a BREED. They must have all of the CHARACTERISTICS of the breed and have a recorded PEDIGREE.
Pedigree • a record of an individual's ANCESTRY.