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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Precipitation Supply Dynamics in the Amazon River Basin

This study investigates the spatio-temporal dynamics of source-sink pairs of precipitation supply in the Amazon River basin, utilizing both backward and forward trajectory analyses of atmospheric water cycling from September 1979 to August 1998. The research analyzes the contributions of various regions to precipitation, emphasizing the significance of recycling processes and teleconnections, particularly the influence of El Niño and La Niña events. The findings highlight the critical role of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the combined impacts of oceanic and terrestrial sources in precipitation supply.

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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Precipitation Supply Dynamics in the Amazon River Basin

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  1. Spatio-temporal analysis of source-sink pairs of precipitation supply in the Amazon River basinArief Sudradjat, Kaye L. Brubaker, Paul A. Dirmeyer Acknowledgment: NOAA Office of Global Program Grant #GC99-462a “Analysis of Atmospheric Water Cycling” NCAR Scientific Computer Division Grant #35161040

  2. Backward- v. forward trajectory analysis: Backward trajectory analysis (backward in time) Dynamics and ET: NCEP reanalyses (Kalnay et al. 1996) Precipitation (gridded-observed): Higgins et al. (1996) Dirmeyer and Tan (2001) (Dirmeyer and Brubaker, 1999) ET P through solutions of eq.s of mass, momentum, and energy Forward trajectory analysis (forward in time) (developed in this study) t time ( ) A parcel of air: an “imaginary and invisible” balloonlike container of air

  3. Source-sink regions: September 1979-August 1998 EQ

  4. The Amazon River basin: The division line NA EQ P wet = P dry (in total) SA Sep 15-day Aug

  5. Tropical North Atlantic Ocean: Sinks of evaporation DJF MAM EQ EQ Self: 17% Amazon: 16% Self: 21% Amazon: 14% JJA SON EQ EQ Self: 28% Amazon: 5% Africa: 5% Self: 33% Amazon: 8%

  6. The Amazon River basin: Sources of precipitation Amazon (10 majors): (annual) SA: 26%; NA: 13% TRNA: 18%; TRSA: 14% (Terrestrial: 59%) Anomalies: A v. A R=0.81 A v. TRNA R=0.64 Niño 3.4 index: v. TRNA R=-0.67 v. A R=-0.48 Trend (a=5%) (JJA): TRNA: negative DJF: NA (10 majors) Ocean: 50%; NA: 20% EQ Annual: TRNA: 31% NA: 21% TRSA: 18% (Ocean: 49%; Terrestrial: 48%) DJF: SA (10 majors) Ocean: 23%; SA: 41% EQ Annual: TRSA: 12% TRNA: 10% SA: 39% (Ocean: 23%; Terrestrial: 69%)

  7. The Amazon River basin: Sinks of evaporation DJF: A EQ JJA: A EQ

  8. The Amazon River basin: Sources’ EOF-1 EQ

  9. The Amazon River basin: Sinks’ EOF-1 EQ

  10. Conclusion: A should be divided into NA and SA. ITCZ importance in precipitation supply of A. Recycling precipitation is important in precipitation supply of A (annual: 39%; R=0.81). ENSO teleconnections: recycling precipitation and TRNA is reduced (enhanced) during El Niño (La Niña). Implication: The weakening of Amazon-Atlantic atmospheric circulation, consistent with Zeng et al. (1996)?

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