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Unix Tools

Unix Tools. Getting Around. pwd P rint W orking D irectory Tells you where you are on the remote computer. Getting Around. LS Lists directory contents. L flag for ‘long list’. Getting Around. owner. size. date. name. directory. everyone. owner. group. W = writable R = readable

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Unix Tools

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  1. Unix Tools

  2. Getting Around • pwd • Print Working Directory • Tells you where you are on the remote computer

  3. Getting Around • LS • Lists directory contents L flag for ‘long list’

  4. Getting Around owner size date name directory everyone owner group W = writable R = readable X = executable

  5. Getting Around • cd Go to the root of the server From there, go to the folder called ‘afs’ Now you’re in /afs

  6. Operations • Chown • Changes ownership of a file or folder chown [user] [file] chown gillw3 /var/logs chown –R gillw3 /var/logs Changes ownership of the folder ‘logs’ Changes ownership of the folder ‘logs’ and everything in it

  7. Operations • chmod • Modifies access rules for a file chmod [usertype] = [rights] [file] [usertype] can be one of u, g, or o (current owner, anyone in the owners group, anyone) [rights] can be r, w or x (read, write, execute)

  8. Operations • chmod chmod u=rwx somefile.txt

  9. Operations • cp • Copies a file cp [source] [destination] cp somefile.txt somefile_copy.txt

  10. Operations • mv • Moves a file mv [source] [destination] mv somefile.txt newname.txt (renames) mv somefile.txt /var/www/somefile.txt (moves)

  11. Operations • rm • Removes a file rm [file] rm somefile.txt

  12. Operations • wget • Gets a file (or more) from a web resource wget [url] wget http://www.rpi.edu/index.html (gets file, saves it to current directory as index.html) wget –O rpihome.html http://www.rpi.edu/index.html (gets file, saves it to current directory as rpihome.html)

  13. .sh files • Put shell commands in a file • Call the file, all the commands run The following should be the top line of the file: #!/bin/sh

  14. Operations • cron • allows users to set timers for operations to be exicuted • crontab • A file that specifies what should be done when

  15. Operations • Crontab • Crontab –e (edits file) [min] [hour] [day of month] [month] [day of week] [command] [0-59, *] [0-23, *] [1-31, *] [1-12, *] [0-6, *] [command] 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * update-rss-feeds.sh 0 3 * * * managelogs.sh

  16. Apache Webserver

  17. Apache Webserver = httpd • Hypertext transfer protocol daemon • Daemons are applications that run all the time listening for a request. When a request is made they do something. • Developed in 1995 • Serves 50% of websites

  18. HTTPD is Modular • mod_php is added to allow php to be processed…. • Modules may be added when the application is complied • Modules may be dynamically added after the application is complied • apxs is a tool for managing dynamic modules • http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/apxs.html

  19. Modules in httpd.conf

  20. Modules • mod_auth_cas • http://www.ja-sig.org/wiki/display/CASC/mod_auth_cas • mod_auth_ldap • http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_auth_ldap.html • mod_proxy_fcgi • http://mproxyfcgi.sourceforge.net/

  21. Configuring in httpd.conf • Httpd.conf is read when httpd starts • Restart httpd every time you edit httpd.conf • At all times, refer to the apache documenation • http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/

  22. httpd.conf • <directory> • Rules for a folder on the server • <location> • Rules for a url • <virtualhost> • Directive that creates additional hosts on your httpd instance. • <IfModule> • Tests of a module is loaded before you attempt to configure the module

  23. <directory> Allows server side includes in the specified folder Instructs httpd to follow shortcuts in the filesystem, to ignore .htaccess files, do not serve any content

  24. <location> Requires AFS login to any URL that has an /AFS in the path

  25. <virtualhost> Creates a virtual host, alert.rpi.edu

  26. <IfModule> Only runs the re-write rules if mod_rewrite is loaded

  27. .htaccess • Contains instructions, like those found in httpd.conf • File is parsed every time the server requests a resource in that folder, or a downstream folder

  28. In Class Work • Using mod_rewrite to • Proxy • Make neato urls • Create a httpd servable directory named ‘rewrite’

  29. In Class Work Allowing .htaccess files in httpd.conf • Add the following to httpd.conf <Directory /path/to/www/rewrite> AllowOverride All </Directory> • Restart httpd

  30. In Class Work • Create a file named .htaccess in ‘rewrite’ • Add: <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine on RewriteBase /rewrite/ RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.cnn.com/ [P] </IfModule>

  31. In Class Work • Go to http://localhost/rewrite • Rename .htaccess to example1.txt • Create another file named .htaccess <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteRule /(.*) index.php?input=$1 </IfModule>

  32. In Class Work • Create index.php • echo $_GET[‘input’]; • Use ‘explode’ on $_GET[‘input’] to break the input into value key pairs

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