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应用文

应用文. Part I. 二、书信的构成. 信头 (Heading). 写信日期 (Date). 信内地址 (Inside address). 称呼 (Salutation). 正文 (Body). 结束语 (Complimentary Closing). 签名 (Signature). 1. 信头( Heading )  信头是指发信人的地址和日期,通常写在第一页 的右上角。行首可以齐头写,也可以逐行缩进写。 地址的书写顺序由小到大:门牌号、街道、城市、 省(州)、邮编、国名,最后写发信日期。私人信 件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如:

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应用文

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  1. 应用文 Part I

  2. 二、书信的构成 信头(Heading) 写信日期(Date) 信内地址(Inside address) 称呼(Salutation) 正文(Body) 结束语(Complimentary Closing) 签名(Signature)

  3. 1. 信头(Heading)  信头是指发信人的地址和日期,通常写在第一页 的右上角。行首可以齐头写,也可以逐行缩进写。 地址的书写顺序由小到大:门牌号、街道、城市、 省(州)、邮编、国名,最后写发信日期。私人信 件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如: 40 Songpo Road Linghe District Jinzhou 121000 Liaoning Province P. R. C. May 15, 2013 构成部分的具体写法

  4. 发信日期的写法: ① 年份应完全写出,不能简写。 ② 月份要用英文名称,不要用数字代替。 ③ 月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短,不可缩写。 ④ 写日期时,可用基数词1,2,3,4,5,……也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ……28th, 29th, 30th, 31st等。但最好用基数 词,简单明了。 日期可有下列几种写法: ① Oct. 20, 2004; ② 10 May., 2004; ③ 3rd June, 2004; ④ Sept. 16th, 2004。其中,①最为通用。

  5. (2)称呼: 指写信人对收信人的称谓。从左边顶格写起,自成一行,比信内地址低两行。其开头词和专有名词的第一个字母还应大写。称谓后,英国人喜用逗号,而美国人则用冒号。 写给机构: A. 不认识负责人: Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern, B.认识负责人:Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor (Michael) Wang,

  6. 写给个人: A. 关系不亲密:Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor (Michael) Wang, B. 关系亲密:Dear Michael,

  7. 3.正文(Body) 正文是书信的主要部分。通常在低于称呼一行处写起,每段开头要向后缩进四字母。正文从内容结构上一般包括: 写信人的身份及写信目的----位于开头部分,一般是寒暄或点明写信的目的;要写得贴切、热情、恰如其分。 写信人的想法,请求等细节----位于中间部分,叙述一封信的主要内容,要求写得具体明了,直截了当。 向收信人表示谢意、希望等---位于结尾部分,通常写一些表示祝愿、问候、感谢等结束敬语或希望之类的话语。

  8. 正文写作格式: 正文的写作格式主要有英式和美式两种。 1)英式结构即缩进式结构,属于比较传统的结构,即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符,且所有段落的缩进距离必须保持一致;称呼顶格写,落款则在中间偏右的位置。 2) 美式结构则是齐头式结构,其特点是所有段落的第一行都顶格写,段与段之间空一行,另外称呼、落款等也都顶格写。 商业信函以及电子邮件最好使用齐头式。

  9. 缩进式: Dear Kate,    I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot.  Yours,  Judy

  10. 齐头式: Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy

  11. (3) 结束语(complimentary notes)又称敬语,写在正文下方一两行处,首写字母大写,结尾用逗号。 1. 通常使用:Sincerely,(Your Sincerely; Sincerely yours; Most sincerely)Truly,(Yours truly; very truly yours) 给上级、长辈、领导或公务信件用:Respectively yours,Faithfully yours,

  12. " 一般同事或熟人之间用:Yours ever,Your friend,Cordially yours, " 写出亲属或关系非常亲密的是:With love,Love,All my love,Forever yoursYours affectionately,Your loving son / daughter

  13. 书信作文的语体问题 Business Letters formal Personal Letters Personal 但有时,同一封信可以采用正式与非正式两种语体表达,这就要求考生具有明辨和变换语体的能力。会变换语体,就要掌握大量词汇和句子结构、套语,尤其是同义词的不同感情色彩以及委婉语气和祈使句的应用。一般说来,正式文多采用包含would, should, might 等情态动词的语句

  14. 比如:1 陈述看法I believed/thought/guessed/supposed/…that+表述内容(用过去时代替现在时是客气委婉的表示) 2 提出劝告、建议 It would/could be fine to do …You might as well do …You should do…

  15. 3 提出请求、询问意向I would (very much) like to V …Could you ...Would you … 4 表明意向I was wondering if …I wondered if …以上句式在正式或比较正式的书信中是常见的,应学会使用。

  16. (4) 署名——写信人应在结束语下签名,以示对书信内容负全责。 (5)附件——信函如有附件,通常在信的右下角注明 Encl. Enclosure; 附言一般写在签名下几行,左齐头,注明P.S.(Postscript)

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