French Upper Air Network Design and Implementation

1. French Upper Air Network Design and Implementation Magali STOLL Head of Upper Air Observing Systems Department Météo France – Direction of Observing Systems TECO 2008

2. Presentation • Study on the French Upper Air Network evolution • Context, domain, deliveries • Needs, offer, capacities • Main orientations • Design and implementation of the French Upper Air Networks • Radiosondes • Water vapour by GPS • Aircraft observations • Ground remote sensing TECO 2008 St Petersburg

3. Prospective study on the evolution of the upper air observing network for the needs of Météo France (2005-2007) • Context • Increasing cost of the radiosounding network • Strategy and objectives of Météo France for the next 5 to 10 years • Eumetnet, Eumetsat, GMES, WMO programmes • Domain • Radiosondes and other upper air systems, complementary with satellites • Delivery • General requirements, classified at 3 levels : global, regional, national • Analysis of the capacity for the current and future systems • Evaluation of the total cost and constraints for the evolutions • Main orientations for the next 10 years • Objectives, planning and budget for 2008 to 2012 TECO 2008 St Petersburg

4. Needs in upper air data • Update of the needs • Meteo France is concerned by the global, regional and local needs • Documents WMO, Eumetnet and Eumetsat give recommandations • A survey has been made inside Météo France to complete them • General needs • Permanent : climatology and forecasting • New : climate change, meso scale numerical models (Arome) • Future : physico chemical applications • Trends • Profiles more precise on the vertical with information on the horizontal position • Wide range of spatial and temporal resolutions needs depending on the applications • Less constraints on the horaries (4DVAR…) • Progress to do to access to the data, to use and to visualise them TECO 2008 St Petersburg

5. General requirements TECO 2008 St Petersburg

6. Systems capacities TECO 2008 St Petersburg

7. French upper air network : Main Orientations • Optimisation of the radiosounding network • « Walls » of the composite upper air networks and satellites • To satisfy in priority the global needs, then the regional and at least the national ones • To adapt horaries, frequency and altitudes at the needs level • To automatize if necessary and possible • Extension of the upper air network with existing systems • To satisfy in prirority the national and regional needs • To valorize and enhance the systems and networks owned by partners • GPS : geography, Amdar : airlines, profilers : research, radars: hydrology • Experimentation of new or recent systems before deploiement • To cover in priority the local and meso scale applications • Ground remote sensing : lidar, sodar, radiometer, alone or colocated with profilers • Onboard aircraft sensors : T-AMDAR, WVSSII • Integration of environmental datainto the global observing system • To cover in priority the global needs (GCOS) • Integration of RS ozones with RS (GRUAN) • Development of real time physico chemical aircraft measurements (IAGOS) TECO 2008 St Petersburg

8. Current French RS Network (22 stations) TECO 2008 St Petersburg

9. Optimisation of the French TerritorialRadiosounding network • Main Objectives • Needs that could not be satisfied by other systems • Reduction of the total cost, human and financial • Automatisation when useful and possible • Re Design of the RS network : • Global : permanent • Regional : to review in 10 years if other equivalent systems useful • National : non permanent, to be replaced by other current systems • Implementation of the future RS network • Evaluation of the employment and cost impacts • Feasibility study : technical, financial, human and users aspects • Planification of the feasible implementation TECO 2008 St Petersburg

10. Current and designed radiosoundings TECO 2008 St Petersburg

11. RS evolution for 2009 to 2012 • First optimisation of the radiosounding network • Terrestrial RS : progressive implementation of a V1 network • Onboard ships RS : extension from 2 to 4 with compensation by EUCOS • Ozone RS : qualification and integration of partners observations • Adaptative RS : automatisation of a set of chosen stations • Wind Pilots : study on the oversea territory network evolution TECO 2008 St Petersburg

12. Initial GPS network used for met applications GPS stations in 2005 TECO 2008 St Petersburg

13. Improvement of GPS data (V1)and extension of the network (V2) • Enhancement of GPS data : designed network V1 • To satisfy in priority the numerical models at regional scale • Delivery of data from 170 stations on France • Avaibility of ZTD in less than 90’ • Frequency of measurements every 15’ • Implementation of quality management • Integration into the E-GVAP Eumetnet program • Extension of GPS data : designed network V2 • To satisfy the needs for mesosacle and nowcasting applications and to cover the oversea territories • Consolidation of the operations for the production of ZTD • Production of IWV data and map TECO 2008 St Petersburg

14. 180 170 160 146 145 144 150 141 140 129 130 122 120 115 114 120 112 110 97 94 100 90 81 81 81 80 69 69 65 64 64 70 63 60 50 40 Juil 06 Avr 07 Juil 07 Fév 07 Fév 08 Aoû 06 Déc 06 Aoû 07 Déc 07 Juin 06 Juin 07 Oct 06 Oct 07 Jan 07 Mai 07 Jan 08 Sep 06 Nov 06 Sep 07 Nov 07 Mars 07 Number of stations Objectives Implementation of the V1 GPS French network TECO 2008 St Petersburg

15. GPS network V1 in 2008 TECO 2008 St Petersburg

16. Amdar observations (7/11/08) TECO 2008 St Petersburg

17. Current AMDAR data TECO 2008 St Petersburg

18. Potential French AMDAR data TECO 2008 St Petersburg

19. Exemple of intensification in Germany TECO 2008 St Petersburg

20. Demonstration of physico chemical aircraft data IAGOS project TECO 2008 St Petersburg

21. Evolution of the aircraft data • Objectives • Intensify the frequency of profiles on the French continental domain • Develop the number of data on the oversea territories • Propose to evaluate the quality of humidity sensor • Contribute to standardize Amdar and integrate humidity on aircraft • Prepare the real time delivery of aircraft environemental data • Activities • International programs • E-AMDAR for Eumetnet for the Eucos area • Australia and USA Amdar programs for oversea territories • AMDAR Panel for WMO coordination • National capacity • Research aircraft (Safire) • Memeber of the IAGOS project TECO 2008 St Petersburg

22. Current Wind Profilers European Network TECO 2008 St Petersburg

23. Evolution of wind profilers • Objectives • Consolidate and valorize the existing systems, operational and research • Focus on applications : numerical model, aeronautic, environment, forecasting, research field experiment • Evaluate the using and the impact of the profilers • Study the optimum localisation for the assimilation by the model • Planification • For 2009 - 2012 : V1 of a sparse network and evaluation • For 2013 – 2016 : V2 of a meso scale network, if needed and useful TECO 2008 St Petersburg

24. Potential French Doppler Radar TECO 2008 St Petersburg

25. Objectives proposed for Doppler radars • Qualification of the measurements • Profiles et 3D winds • Quality management to define and implement • Extension of the network • Delivery of data for 16 radars • Integration into the Eumetnet Winprof II program • Evaluation of the data using • By numerical model • By forecasters TECO 2008 St Petersburg

26. Evaluation of recent remote sensing systems • Lidar • experimentation for the wind shear in Nice airport • Sodar • experimentation for the fog detection in Roissy Airport • Radiometers • evaluation of Hu and T propfiles in Toulouse • Colocated systems • Retrieval of PTUV profiles in the troposphère • And also • Evaluaion by forecasters of IASI Profiles from METOP satellite TECO 2008 St Petersburg